| Abstract Scope |
Over the past decade, 3D printing has revolutionized the fabrication of micro-scale structures and devices, particularly in the realm of nanomaterials, offering ease of operation, cost-effectiveness, rapid prototyping, high resolution, and customization. We present our innovative approach to 3D printing of nanomaterials, producing multiplexed, cost-effective, and mechanically flexible wearable bioelectronic sensing patches. These patches integrate flexible sensors and microfluidic units, demonstrating robust performance under repeated bending cycles and selective detection of ions (H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+) in sweat in real-time. Furthermore, we have developed a novel, self-powered, MXene-based 3D-printed integrated wearable sensing system for continuous, real-time vital signal monitoring. This system includes highly efficient TENGs and sensitive pressure sensors with notable specifications (6.03 kPa−1 sensitivity, ~9 Pa detection limit, ~80 ms response time). Additionally, our 3D-printed pH sensor exhibited high sensitivity (≈|51.76| mV pH−1), specificity, repeatability, reproducibility, biocompatibility (≥90% cell viability), and mechanical stability. These advancements highlight the potential of 3D nanomaterial printing in developing affordable, tailored, integrated wearable biosensing platforms for noninvasive, continuous health monitoring |