| Abstract Scope |
Rare earth elements (REEs) are vital for advanced energy and defense technologies. The U.S. has an estimated 13 million tons of REE ore reserves, but high-grade deposits are scarce. REE-containing tailings accumulate, with REE value in red mud estimated at $796 per ton. However, extracting REEs from these sources is difficult due to their entrapment in a mineral matrix, typically iron oxide.
We propose a novel process to recover REEs from tailings and low-grade deposits, involving electro-metallurgically removing iron oxide, hydro-metallurgically extracting aluminum salt, and separating REEs. This yields refinable REE concentrates, emissions-free pure iron metal, and supplementary cementitious materials, contributing to steel and cement industries’ decarbonization. By tackling associated economic and environmental issues, our approach provides a sustainable solution for unlocking the potential of domestic rare earth resources. It offers a pathway to utilize mining waste effectively, producing valuable materials while supporting green technology and reducing environmental impact. |