| Abstract Scope |
Reliable and unrestricted access to raw materials is a growing concern within the EU and across the globe. In view of that, the European Commission has created a list of critical raw materials (CRMs) for the EU. The CRMs combine raw materials of high importance to the EU economy and of high risk associated with their supply. Especial concern is given to the CRM (like Cr, Co, Nb, W, Y) in extreme conditions of application of temperature, loading, friction, wear, corrosion, for application in energy, aerospace, automotive and machinery manufacturing industries. Regarding high importance of the CRM in extreme conditions, a challenging question arise; is it possible to achieve a full material life-cycle by a recycling methods, or a path of full substitution of CRM by readily available materials is way to proceed. The challenges and perspectives of different approaches will be presented and discussed. |