| Abstract Scope |
Fossil-free ironmaking is critical for reducing the substantial CO₂ emissions from the steel industry, which accounts for approximately 8% of global emissions and is a major driver of climate change. Hydrogen-based direct reduction, including the use of hydrogen carriers such as ammonia, is among the most promising pathways for mitigating these emissions. In this talk, we showcase the reduction behavior of iron oxides with hydrogen, with a particular focus on the spatial and temporal evolution of the microstructure during the multistep solid-gas reaction. Advanced characterization techniques were employed to track phase transformations, porosity, and local chemistry throughout the reduction process. The fundamental reaction mechanisms are discussed, providing new insights into the sustainable ironmaking. |