| Abstract Scope |
It is well known that metals and alloys processed by additive manufacturing (AM) are characterized by unique microstructures. Their final appearance is imposed by rapid solidification, i.e. non-equilibrium microstructures, and intrinsic heat treatment, the latter promoting multiple phase transformations in specific alloys. To substantiate the elementary mechanisms shaping the final appearance of the microstructure, ranging from fine grained submicron structures to single crystalline conditions, advanced characterization methods are to be used. Here, the unique capabilities of in situ and operando techniques are to be named. In recent years X-ray and synchrotron facilities, respectively, came into focus at this point. These facilities allow to experimentally assess melt pool dynamics, solidification processes and subsequent phase transformations in real time. AM processes in focus were laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition. Furthermore, both radiography measurements and diffraction analysis were addressed. The present paper will exemplarily highlight recent advances in the field. |