| Abstract Scope |
The use of refractory metal elements, either by additively manufacturing (AM) their alloys or by including them in other alloys, has always been a challenge due to their high melting temperatures, oxygen affinity, and brittle-ductile transition temperatures. These factors make them more susceptible to defect formation, in particular cracking during deposition. In this talk, an overview of the challenges associated with using refractory metals in creating functionally-graded structures using direct energy deposition and laser powder bed fusion will be explored. Additional case studies will also be discussed on AM of refractory metals and alloys, highlighting some strategies to reduce their defect formation susceptibility. |