The 7th International Congress on 3D Materials Science (3DMS 2025): Process-Microstructure-Property Relationships in 3D
Program Organizers: Henry Proudhon, Mines Paris Centre Des Materiaux; Can Yildirim, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Monday 9:00 AM
June 16, 2025
Room: Platinum Ballroom 1
Location: Anaheim Marriott
Session Chair: Albert Zelenika, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
9:00 AM Invited
Load Partitioning in Inconel 718 With Harmonic Microstructures: Darren Pagan1; Patrick Albert1; Kenneth Peterson1; Amlan Das2; Suchismita Sarker2; Douglas Wolfe1; 1Pennsylvania State University; 2Cornell High Energy Synchroton Source
Metallic alloys with microstructures with extreme bimodal grain size distributions (termed harmonic microstructures) have exhibited unique combinations of strength and ductility. The exact origin of the favorable properties is still unclear but is likely due to the partitioning of stress and plastic strain among the constituent grain distributions. Here we use a combination of in situ far-field high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy and traditional powder diffraction to examine micromechanical evolution in harmonic Inconel 718 during tensile loading. The Inconel 718 studied has a bimodal grain size distribution with a nearly 100x variation in grain diameter and was manufactured using field-assisted sintering technology (FAST), which is able to rapidly sinter varied powder distributions to theoretical density with minimal grain growth. The load partitioning among the constitutive grain size distributions is analyzed.
9:30 AM
3D Mapping of Crack Tip Dislocation Structures in SrTiO3 by Dark-Field X-Ray Microscopy: Albert Zelenika1; Can Yildirim2; Xufei Fang1; 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 2European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Conventionally, dislocations have not shown much relevancy for ceramic materials as they exhibit little to no plasticity at room temperature. However, recent studies of dislocations in functional ceramics are gaining interest due to their impact on functional and mechanical properties. Despite significant advances, cracks can still initiate and propagate unexpectedly, leading to catastrophic failure. To address this, we use SrTiO3 as a model material, employing DFXM to visualize dislocations at relevant scales with high spatial and angular resolution. We examined samples with varying dislocation densities (1012/m2 - 1014/m2), tuned with an in-house developed Brinell indentation scratching technique at room temperature, to map the spatial distribution of dislocations and strain fields in 3D. Our results reveal the 3D dislocation structure around a crack tip, providing unprecedented insights. We also compared these findings with TEM data, highlighting the complementary strengths of each method, providing valuable information for improving fracture resistance in ceramics.
9:50 AM
Three-Dimensional Twin Networks in Ti: Morphology, Connectivity, and Incompatibilities: Duncan Greeley1; Hi Vo1; Rodney McCabe1; Carlos Tomé1; Laurent Capolungo1; 1Los Alamos National Laboratory
The mechanical response of HCP metals is mediated by the formation of 3D twin networks during deformation. Naturally, twin interactions are salient morphological features of these networks. To study the morphology of twin networks and assess the impact of twin-to-twin and twin-to-grain boundary contact on the development of mechanical incompatibilities, a 3D twin network in cryogenically compressed high-purity Ti was characterized using serial sectioned EBSD. The network structure and shear incompatibilities at twin intersections were investigated, and interface accommodation mechanisms for the incompatibilities were explored. The network displays a complex morphology centered around ‘hub’ twins that display over 15 intergranular and intragranular contacts. The magnitude of the induced incompatibilities depends on the 3D orientation of the twins and interfaces, and the study reveals that high incompatibilities – potential precursors to shear localization – appear to emanate from incidental contact between separate twin chains and at triple-junctions of twins.
10:10 AM
Analysis of Growth Striations in Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) Using Dark Field X-Ray Microscopy: Antonella Gayoso Padula1; 1Technical University of Denmark
Characterizing defects in oxide materials is challenging due to the limitations of existing techniques. Methods like temperature equilibrium conductivity and impedance spectroscopy lack spatial resolution, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides atomic-level mapping but is restricted to surfaces or thin sections, potentially misrepresenting bulk properties. Dark Field X-ray Microscopy (DFXM) is proposed to spatially resolve point defect distributions in bulk materials.This study focuses on dislocation-free yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)doped with chromium, thulium, and holmium, visualizing buried chemical defects that manifest as growth striations. The striations were characterized in therms of chemical composition and orientation, with 3D models constructed to analze their behavior under an electric field. YAG, widely used in medical laser and X-ray detector scintillators, was selected as a promising candidate for studying chemical defects using DFXM. This approach holds significant potential for advancing materials with technological applications.
10:30 AM Break
10:50 AM
3D FIB-SEM Tomography - Tool for Determining the Oxidation Mechanism of Sanicro 25 Steel at 700 °C: Grzegorz Cempura1; Adam Kruk1; 1AGH University of Krakow
Sanicro 25 is a high-temperature austenitic stainless steel offering exceptional creep, corrosion and oxidation resistance. It finds many applications in power generation, e.g., as a material for superheaters in advanced supercritical thermal powerplants. The microstructure of the oxide scale and underlying the sample subjected to 40,000 hours of heat treatment and oxidation were characterized in 3D using FIB-SEM tomography and high-resolution S(TEM) methods. The tomographic reconstruction data was collected using the slice-and-view technique on the ZEISS CrossBeam 350 microscope using both SE and BSE detectors. The microstructure and phase analysis was done using a Cs-corrected Titan G2 transmission electron microscope. Acquired data was processed using conventional stereological methods and AI-supported (U-NET architecture) to determine microstructural features precisely. Obtained results allowed for the determination of microstructural changes
11:10 AM
Dislocation Migration in the Shocked Silicates Olivine and Pyroxene: Yaozhu Li1; Carsten Detlefs1; Can Yildirim1; Roberta Flemming2; Phil McCausland2; 1ESRF; 2Western University
Shocked silicates deform during hyper-velocity impacts, a common process in planetary evolution. Olivine and pyroxene are key rock-forming minerals, recording shock via microstructural changes. Olivine (isolated SiO₄ tetrahedra as orthosilicates) and pyroxene (two shared oxygen atoms as single chain silicates) respond differently to shock deformation. Orthosilicates have interstitial cation bonding for stability, whereas single-chain silicates exhibit directional O-Si-O bonds that facilitate cleavage planes and directional deformation. High energy shock events trigger dislocation migration, enhanced by post-shock heating. The O-Si-O bonding in pyroxene, in particular, may allow greater ductility, accommodating deformation through bending, kinking, twisting, or fracturing along cleavage planes.Using dark-field X-ray microscopy (DFXM), we mapped 3D lattice mosaicity, revealing development of dislocation networks in low-shock meteoritic olivine indicative of shock mosaicism. We aim to further explore dislocation behavior in shocked pyroxene to confirm directional effects along its (110) plane, providing insights into shock deformation histories in planetary materials.
11:30 AM Plenary
Leveraging 3D Characterization for Model Development and Validation of Structural Alloys and Advanced Processing: David Rowenhorst1; 1US Naval Research Laboratory
At the heart of the integrated computational materials engineering paradigm is the acknowledgement that properties and processing are fundamentally linked through proper understanding of microstructure. For most of the history of materials science, direct microstructural quantification has been determined primarily through two-dimensional observations of our materials. The advent of advanced microscopy and increased computational power and tools have led to significant advances in our ability to both quantify the true 3D microstructures, as well as model their behavior. In this presentation we will discuss how the Navy is developing new methods for characterization and modeling in 3D, both to develop new alloys that leveraged nanoscale atom probe tomography and to model microscale dislocation dynamics to provide predictions of mechanical response. Additionally, we will discuss the development and improvement of automated micro-scale serial-sectioning to collect statistically large datasets in additively manufactured (AM) 316L, and how the data from these characterizations were essential for informing and validating cellular automaton finite element models for AM structures.