REWAS 2022: Energy Technologies and CO2 Management: On-Demand Oral Presentations
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS Light Metals Division, TMS: Energy Committee
Program Organizers: Fiseha Tesfaye, Metso Metals Oy, Åbo Akademi University; Lei Zhang, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Donna Guillen, Idaho National Laboratory; Ziqi Sun, Queensland University of Technology; Alafara Baba, University of Ilorin; Neale Neelameggham, IND LLC; Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; Dirk Verhulst, Consultant, Extractive Metallurgy and Energy Efficiency; Shafiq Alam, University of Saskatchewan; Mertol Gokelma, Izmir Institute of Technology; Camille Fleuriault, Eramet Norway; Chukwunwike Iloeje, Argonne National Laboratory; Kaka Ma, Colorado State University
Monday 8:00 AM
March 14, 2022
Room: Energy & Environment (including REWAS 2022 Symposia)
Location: On-Demand Room
Thermoeconomics and Dyanamics of Orange Hydrogen Production, an Energy Matter: Neale Neelameggham1; Ganesan Subramanian2; Praveen Kalamegham3; 1IND LLC; 2Sai Systems LLC; 3Workrise
Multiple reports exist on the range of cost of production of hydrogen from about $1.20 to about $12.00 per kg. Hydrogen exists mainly as part of compounds and the elemental hydrogen has to be formed from these compounds and or mixtures of compounds by spending energy. A detailed thermodynamic analysis revealed that this spectrum of costs exist primarily from the energy conversion costs and economics of such energy conversions. This analysis leads to the simple low cost possibilities of hydrogen from hydrocarbons called 'orange' hydrogen , which is CO2 free, along with the ease of making it from the ground using present day renewable energy conversions as needed.
Heat Island Mitigation Strategy for Urban Areas Using Phase Change Materials (PCM): Ganesan Subramanian1; Neale Neelameggham1; 1Independent Consultant
Heat Islands are urbanized areas that experience significantly higher day and night time temperatures than the surrounding rural areas on account of the influence of the buildings, roadways and industries on the local weather. Heat island mitigation strategy depends on the weather patterns at the urban geographical location. Mitigation of heat island effect has been demonstrated by increased use of shade and materials that alter the reflectance and emissivity of the surfaces impacted by solar radiation. Interest in the use of PCM for urban infrastructure for further enhancing the mitigation through heat storage and liberation is more recent. Key physical properties needed for PCM use are the latent heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, density and specific heat. This paper reviews the physics involved in choosing the right PCM for buildings, placement of PCM in the infrastructure and modeling methods for optimal energy costs.
Review on Hydrotalcite-derived Material from Waste Metal Dust, a Solid Adsorbent for CO2 Capture: Challenges and Opportunities in South African Coal Fired Thermal Plant: Daniel Okanigbe1; Olawale Popoola1; Abimbola Popoola1; 1Tshwane University of Technology
CO2 is a major greenhouse gas contributing to global warming; future projections portray CO2 emissions will gradually grow unless there is counter progress in the formation of carbon-neutral technologies. These technologies are however, linked with a number of shortcomings: high cost, high energy requirement and release of hazardous by-products. Hence, the need for cost-effective and energy efficient carbon capture and separation (CCS) technologies. This paper aimed at determining the gap of knowledge in this area of research. This was achieved by conducting a review of publications under the following sub-themes: CCS technologies; CO2 adsorbent potential of hydrotalcite derived material (HDM) from metallurgical dusts, amongst others. It was concluded that a gap of knowledge exist in the area of using metallurgical dusts to prepare HDM for CO2 capture. As recommendation, future research in line with review should focus on study of HDM from metallurgical dusts for CO2 capture from power plants.
Power to Hydrogen the Prospects of Green Hydrogen Production Potential in Africa: Nour Aboseada1; Tarek Hatem1; 1The British University in Egypt
Africa is rich with an abundance of renewable energy sources that can help meeting the continent's demand for electricity to promote economic growth and meet global targets for CO2 reduction. Green Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising technologies for energy generation, transportation, and storage. In this paper, the prospects of green hydrogen production potential in Africa are investigated along with its usage for future implementation. Moreover, an overview of the benefits of shifting to green Hydrogen technology is presented. The current African infrastructure and policies are tested against future targets and goals.
Synthesis Methods for Nanoparticle Morphology Control in Clean Energy Applications: Joy Morin1; Kiyo Fujimoto1; Arin Preston1; Donna Guillen1; 1Idaho National Laboratory
Lightweight nano-composite materials, nano-coatings, nanocatalysts, nano-structured materials have demonstrated an ability to reduce emissions and maximize clean energy production. Nanoparticles play an important role in engineering and decarbonization for energy applications, and a wide range of nanoparticle synthesis methods have been developed to include those that enable control over particle morphology. The ability to control nanoparticle morphology allows the tailoring and improvement of material properties that will accelerate efforts towards lowering carbon emissions by developing advanced catalysts for carbon sequestration, and will enhance energy efficient processes and technologies. Synthesis methods aimed towards shape control of nanoparticles have demonstrated an ability to form spheres, rods, flower-like shapes, and cubes. Processing methods used to form these morphologies include microwave assisted synthesis, solvothermal, hydrothermal, and a wide range of capping agents. A discussion of these methods is given along with results and applications.
Copper in Biomass Fuels and Its Effect on Combustion Processes: Fiseha Tesfaye1; Daniel Lindberg2; Mykola Moroz3; Leena Hupa1; Mikko Hupa1; 1Abo Akademi University; 2Aalto University; 3National University of Water and Environmental Engineering
The role of Cu-based phases in combustion processes has boldly emerged with the drastic increase in the waste combustion, sparking the need to update thermodynamic databases for a better understanding and control. In the present work, we have reviewed the content and sources of Cu in selected biomass fuels and ashes, and examined the mechanisms through which it affects combustion processes and the environment. Phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of phases in the CuCl-CuSO4 system and their effects on the melting behavior of chlorides and sulfates of Na, K, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Fe were investigated. The observed results are presented and discussed.
Development of a Thermodynamic Model for Chromates, Molybdates, Tungstates and Vanadates Involved in the Corrosion of Steels (Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, W, V) at High Temperatures in Atmospheres Containing O-H-S-C-Cl and Alkaline Salts: Sara Benalia1; Christian Robelin1; Patrice Chartrand1; 1École Polytechnique Montréal
This research project falls under the generic theme of modeling high-temperature processes, during energy conversion, flaking and corrosion phenomenon, for systems converting mainly organic matter into energy. Energy conversion facilities are made of a metal alloy of the Fe-Cr-Ni-V-Mo-W type and are exposed to gaseous species from combustion, or from the evaporation of ashes. Under certain conditions, highly corrosive molten salts may be formed, causing the protective oxide layer of the steel to be transformed into either chromates, molybdates, tungstates or vanadates, or their mixture. This is called 'catastrophic' corrosion.The presence of ash deposits limits the maximum operating temperature and the energy efficiency of the process. Thus, this research aims to develop a thermodynamic model including chromates, molybdates, tungstates and vanadates that may form in environments containing O-H-S-C-Cl and alkaline salts, to predict the limiting conditions at which ash deposition and corrosion can occur.
Modes of Operation, Design, and Experiments in a Laboratory Solar Convective Furnace System: Vishwa Deepak Kumar1; Laltu Chandra2; Piyush Sharma3; Rajiv Shekhar3; 1IIT Jodhpur; 2IIT (BHU) Varanasi; 3IIT (ISM) Dhanbad
The concept of a solar convective furnace system has been proposed. Here, hot air generated from concentrated solar radiation heats ingots in an aluminium soaking furnace. The SCFS consists of the following components: an open volumetric air receiver (OVAR) to heat ambient air, thermal energy storage (TES) to address the intermittency of solar radiation, and a retrofitted aluminium soaking furnace. The TES is charged by hot air from the OVAR. Hot air recovered from the TES heats ingots in the retrofitted furnace. This presentation has three objectives. First, the modes of operation of a SCFS will be explored. Herein, the possible circuits, which depict the interconnection between the components of a SCFS, for day and night operations will be discussed. Second, the design basis and results of a laboratory-scale SCFS will be shown. Third, a preliminary mathematical model of a SCFS circuit will be presented.