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Meeting 2026 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition
Symposium Aluminum Reduction Technology
Presentation Title The Pathways of Calcium in Aluminum Production
Author(s) Alexandra Hubrig, Roman Duessel, Halvor Kvande, Stephen Joseph Lindsay, Gudrun A. Saevarsdottir
On-Site Speaker (Planned) Roman Duessel
Abstract Scope Calcium is always a part of the industrial production of aluminum, mainly due to its presence as an impurity in raw materials. The total losses of calcium must equal total inputs. This leads to a steady-state concentration of calcium fluoride dissolved in the bath that is somewhat dynamic over time. The pathways of entry and exit as well are seldom reported upon. These, and recirculation routes are the focus of this paper. The objective being to obtain a more complete understanding of the role of calcium in aluminum electrolysis.
Proceedings Inclusion? Planned: Light Metals

OTHER PAPERS PLANNED FOR THIS SYMPOSIUM

Advanced Lattice Boltzmann Magnetohydrodynamic Model for Bubble Dynamics in Hall-Héroult Cells
Aluminium Deposition in a NaCl-KCl-AlCl3 Melt Containing Calcium Oxide
Analyze of the Impact of Anode Change and Anode Change Pattern on the Cell Stability
Anode Setting Performance in the Hall-Héroult Process Using Hall Sensors on individual anodes
APC+™ – An Advanced and Versatile Solution for Pot Process Control
Application New Curved Side Cover Design in INALUM Pot Cell
Application of transient MHD modeling for improve interface stability in aluminum reduction cell
Avoidance of Fume emissions in Potrooms due to Failures of Exhaust Fan Dampers
Characterisation of off-gases from an Inert Electrode Aluminium Electrolysis Cell
Characterization and Mitigation of Potshell Exfoliation in Aluminum Electrolysis Cells
Comparative Accuracy of Thermocouples and Thermal Probes in Industrial Cryolite Conditions
Coupled Thermal-Electrical-Mechanical Model for Cathode-Collector Bar Joint Analysis
Data-Driven Optimization of AlF₃ Feed Strategy for Enhanced Efficiency in Aluminum Smelter
Determination method for aluminum fluoride addition based on aluminum electrolysis cell operation data and its application
Determining the Optimum Alumina Concentration Level for Hall-Héroult Process under Power Modulation
Development and Prospects of SY600 Aluminum Reduction Cell Technology
Development of a Fully Coupled Thermal-Electrical-Mechanical Model of the Anode-to-Stub Connection in Prebake Aluminum Reduction Cells
Development of a Protective Coating for Superalloy Thermocouples Used in Aluminum Electrolysis Cells
Development of a Rapid Diagnosis and Treatment System for Anode Effect Based on Zone Anode Current Response in Aluminum Reduction Cells
Digital Solution in a GTC
Dynamic Interaction between Sideledge and Bath in Aluminium Electrolysis Cells
Effect of the Precise Alumina Feeding on the Anode Effect Quenching Based on the Zone Anode Current in Aluminum Reduction Cells
EGA Extended Surface Filter Slim Design
Electrorefining of Highly Alloyed Scrap to Primary Metal
Enhancement of Hydrogen Fluoride Monitoring System in DX Potrooms
Enhancing Potline Reliability and Efficiency through Intelligent Data Automation and Predictive Insights
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Decreasing Performance of the Cathode Assembly
Exploratory Study on Aluminum Chloride Electrolysis Using Inert Anode
Granular Blends of Coke and Graphite in the Lying-beds: Experimental Insights into Their Mechanical and Electrical Properties
High Draft Ventilation in Aluminium Smelters
Hillside GTCs Challenges with regard to new regulation dividing its HF stack emissions by 2
Impact of frequent Power Outages on Pot Stability
Improved Estimation of Average Alumina Concentration During Anode Changes in Aluminium Smelting Cells
Improvements on Metal Tapping Planning
Improving Metal Tapping Capability of INALUM Pot Tending Machine with Addition of Blow Function for the Ejector
Improving Reliability of Alumina Feeder Cylinder Operation in CD20 Potrooms
Inert Anodes and Wetted Cathodes for Aluminium Production. Principles and Challenges
Inferring Localized Current Patterns and Anodic Incidents Using Hall Sensors for Individual Anode Monitoring
Leveraging the Power of Flexible Discriminant Analysis (FDA) to minimize Decision-making uncertainty when Spotting Sidelining True Risk to Failure?
Maaden’s Sustainability Journey: Achieving a 50% Reduction in HF Emissions from GTCs
Magnesium Primary Production in an Aluminum Smelter
Magnetic fields and their variation in aluminium reduction cells
Monitoring temperature and voltage difference across wedges using self-powered wireless sensors
NEO ALUMINUM ECOWAS Roadmap: Paving VALCO’s Path To Africa’s Leading Green Aluminum Smelter
NESA – Developing a Framework for Linking Operations, Pot Room Emission, and Dispersion Modelling
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE COPPER INSERT CONFIGURATION IN THE CATHODE ASSEMBLY
Operational Strategy to Extend the Anode Beam Lifting Cycle
Optical investigation of alumina dissolution in the aluminium electrolysis cell
Optimization and Energy-Saving Performance of Lining in 420kA Graphitized Cathode Aluminum Reduction Cell
Pot Operations Management Without Anode Change for 13 Days
Power Modulation Effects on Aluminium Reduction Pot MHD Behaviors
Regional energy balance control strategy for aluminum electrolysis cell
Reliability Improvements of Metal Crucible Tilters in Potrooms
Research and Application of Balancing Cathode Voltage Drop and Aluminum Flow Velocity Technology
Research and application of mathematical control model on 500kA electrolysis cell with graphitized cathode
Response Characteristics of Zone Resistance to Alumina Feeding in Aluminum Reduction Cells
Smelter Power Modulation and Pot Heat Balance for High Amperage Reduction Cells
Solios Turbobed retrofit with Extended Surface Bags improve performance of old gas treatment centre technologies to modern levels
Stability Analysis of a 330 kA Cell retrofitted to Operate at 350 kA using MHD-Valdis Software
Sulfur balance between dry scrubber and electrolysis cell in order to understand effects of pot gas recirculation
System Identification Applied to the Modelling of Electrolysis Cells
The Pathways of Calcium in Aluminum Production
The recovery patterns of zone current after anode changing in aluminum electrolysis
THERMAL EVENTS CHARACTERISATION BY STUDYING SHELL TEMPERATURE IN ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS CELL
Thermite Risk From Dolomite Aggregate in Potroom Basement Concrete
Validation of a Fully Coupled Thermal-Electrical-Mechanical Model of the Anode-to-Stub Connection in Prebake Aluminum Reduction Cells
Wet SO2 scrubbing of pot exhaust gases with lime or limestone
Zone Anode Current Response to Anode Effect in Aluminum Reduction Cell
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