| Abstract Scope |
This study, for the first time, establishes a redox-bipolar synergistic system for selectively leaching Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from mixed LiFePO₄ and ternary battery wastes. In this system, H₂O₂ uniquely serves as both oxidant and reductant, enabling efficient leaching of valuable metals while retaining Fe and P in the solid. Under optimal conditions, leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn all exceed 99%, with only 0.30% Fe leached, demonstrating excellent selectivity. Formic acid, composed solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, is used as the leaching agent with out harmful waste. Its mild acidity facilitates high-efficiency, selective leaching. The mechanism is clarified using Pourbaix diagram. This method introduces a green, efficient, and scalable solution for recycling spent lithium batteries. It also demonstrates the potential for simultaneous selective leaching of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn, contributing to ongoing advancements in sustainable battery recycling |