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About this Abstract
Meeting 2025 Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF Symp 2025)
Symposium 2025 Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF Symp 2025)
Presentation Title Multi-Sensor Process Monitoring for Blue Laser Directed Energy Deposition of Copper
Author(s) Dong Hee Kang, Sampson Canacoo, Jihoon Jeong
On-Site Speaker (Planned) Dong Hee Kang
Abstract Scope Copper faces significant challenges during additive manufacturing (AM) due to its high thermal conductivity and low absorptivity with the widely used infrared lasers. Blue laser directed energy deposition (Blue-DED) presents a promising approach, thanks to its superior absorption rate of up to 65% with copper compared to about 5% in the infrared range. However, achieving consistent high-quality copper deposition remains a challenge because of the sensitivity of the process to various parameters and conditions. This study explores the integration of multispectral imaging, photodiode measurements, and CMOS image data to develop a multi-sensor data fusion framework for process characterization and optimization. This method correlates the signatures from the sensors with part quality indicators such as track geometry, surface roughness, and porosity. The results enhance the understanding of laser-material interactions in DED of copper, and pave the way for a closed-loop system for defect-free AM of copper components.
Proceedings Inclusion? Planned: Post-meeting proceedings

OTHER PAPERS PLANNED FOR THIS SYMPOSIUM

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Influence of Melt Pool and Wire Behavior on Process Stability in Hot Wire Directed Energy Deposition
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Investigating Surface Affinity for the Deposition of Metal-Organic Decomposition Inks in a Vat
Investigation of Drop Mass Deviations in MMJ Systems During Part Printing
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Investigation of the Surface Roughness of Micromilled 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by FDM/FFF Technology
Large Language Model enabled Process Map Discovery Within Additive Manufacturing.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Material Identification in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing
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Mechanical Performance and Weight Reduction of Additively Manufactured Titanium Bolts Aimed for Supply Chain Resiliency of Critical Material
Micro-/Defect-Structure Characterization of Additively Manufactured Metallic Parts Using Laboratory Diffraction Contrast Tomography
Microscopic Analysis of Porosity Distribution and Its Impact on the Mechanical Performance of Binder Jetted Ceramics
Microstructural Insights Into LPBF Manufactured GRX-810 Thin Walls and Complex Inducer Geometries
Microstructure-Driven Fracture Behavior and Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Large Area Additive Manufactured Short Fiber Composites
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bulk EB-PBF Fabricated γ-TiAl: Post-HIP and Heat Treatment Effects
Microstructure Design in Steels for Power Plant Applications Using Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition
Mitigation of User-Induced Variation in Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing
Mixing Tungsten With Inconel 718: Effects on Energy Density and Material Properties in 3D Printing
MODAL: A Scalable Surrogate Modeling Framework for Scanwise Thermal Simulations in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Modeling and Simulation of Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Insights Into Metallic Particle Bonding
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Molten Metal Droplet Watcher Through Optoelectronic Sensing
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Multi-Material Inkjet Print Deposition of Particle-Free Silver and Molecular-Organic-Decomposition Nickel Inks for High Temperature Conductive Circuit Thermal Shielding
Multi-Material, High-Viscosity Vat Photopolymerization
Multi-Nozzle Molten Metal Jetting With Variable Nozzle Pitch
Multi-Sensor Process Monitoring for Blue Laser Directed Energy Deposition of Copper
Multimaterial Aerosol Jet Printing of Memristors on Flexible Substrates
Multimaterial and Isotopically Labeled Specimen Fabrication via Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing for Interlayer Diffusion Analysis
Multiphysics Modeling to Assess the Powder Bed Characteristics of Inconel 718 for a Circular Substrate in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Neural Network Prediction of Printing Parameters and Solar Absorptivity via Powder Bed Fusion
Node-Based Closed-Loop Control in Robotic Laser-Wire Directed Energy Deposition
Numerical Analysis of Pre- and Post-Heating Strategies for Reducing Residual Stresses in Laser-Based Directed Energy Deposition
Numerical Modelling of the Interaction of a Laser Beam and Polymeric Powders During Polymer Laser Sintering
Numerical Modelling of Thermal Predictions in Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing for Online Implementations
Omnidirectional Laser Metal Deposition with Wire (LMD-w) for 6 Feet and Larger Aerostructures
On Calibration Procedures and Powder Deposition Uncertainty of a Multi-Material Laser Powder Bed Fusion Machine
On the Time Integration for Phase Field Modeling of Grain Growth in Additive Manufacturing
OpenVCAD in Practice: Streamlined Multi-Material Design and Fabrication
Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) on Fiber Embedded Metal Parts Created with Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Optimizing LPBF for MMCs: Effects of Reduced Powder and Laser Spot Sizes on Reinforcement Distribution, Microstructure, and Mechanical Performance
Packing Fraction Sensing in Metal Binder Jetting Using Airborne Ultrasound Transducer
Photoelastic Visualization of Residual Stresses in PLA After Interlayer Shot Peening During Fused Filament Fabrication
Physics-Aware AI for Born-Qualified Additive Manufacturing: Toward Real-Time, In-Situ Part Qualification
Physics-Guided Thermal History Control to Improve Part Quality in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Polymer AM Part Thermal History From In-Situ Thermal Data and Heuristic Modeling
Pore Behavior in Melt Pool Properties Based on Ti-6Al-4V and SS316L Powders in Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Processes
Porosity Reduction in Large-Format Additive Manufacturing of Fiber-Reinforced Composites via Elongational Screw Design
Porous Membranes for Controlled Release Profiles using Stereolithography and Phase Separation
Post-Build CT Segmentation and Alignment with L-PBF In-Situ Monitoring Signatures
Powder Bed Interaction with Higher Translation Speed Electron Beams Path for the Area Printing
Powder Dispersion For Removal of Unsintered Powder After Selective Laser Flash Sintering
Powder Flow Dynamics in Laser Metal Deposition
Powder Particle Impact Behavior in Laser, Powder-Blown Directed Energy
Predicting LPBF Ti-6Al-4V Microstructure via Multi-Modal In-Situ Process Monitoring
Predicting Melt Pool Dimensions from Local Thermal Environment Through a Modified Rosenthal Solution
Predicting the Solidified Microstructure in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Inconel 718 using Physics-Based Modeling and In-situ Sensor Data
Prediction of Failure in Additively Manufactured Metallic Components
Predictive Modeling of Particle Loading for Functional Grading in Reactive Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
Predictive Qualification of Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Leveraging Multi-Modal In-Situ Monitoring and Real-Time Control for Part Qualification
Printing Cryomilled Copper Chips by Blue Laser Directed Energy Deposition (DED)
Process-Aware Topology Optimization for Mitigating Residual Stress and Distortion in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Process Development and Thermal Monitoring in Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten
Process Mapping for Single-Track Laser Wire Additive Manufacturing of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Producing Stochastic Metal Foam on Desktop FFF 3D Printers using Viscous Thread Printing
Pulsed Arc Additive Manufacturing of a Duplex Stainless Steel and HSLA Functionally Graded Material
Pushing the Frontier of Computational Design Leveraging Machine Learning (ML)
Qualification of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals (PBF-LB/M) Using Scanner Data
Quantifying Machine-Induced Error in a Custom Binder Jet Platform for Radio Frequency Additive Manufacturing
Quantifying the Dynamic Properties of 3D Printed Polymers and Polymer Composites Via Ultrasonics
Radiative Property Characterization of Porous Medium Using Liquid-Based Advanced Micro-Additive Manufacturing Technique
Rapid and Non-Contact Density Measurement for Powder-Based AM Via Flash Thermography
Rapid Direct-Write Printing of Metallic Nanostructures Via In-Flight Plasma Reduction
Real-Time Closed-Loop Control for Precision Liquid Metal Jetting
Real-Time Implementability Evaluation of FPGA-Based Trackwise Model Predictive Control for Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Real-Time Prediction of Working Distance in Laser-Wire DED Via Multi-Modal In-Situ Data Fusion Using a CNN Model
Real Time Measurement System for Digital Glass Shaping Processes
Real Time Visualization of Glass Additive Manufacturing Processes
Regolith-Filled Thermoset as a Candidate Material in Lunar Construction
Reinforcement Learning-Based Digital Twin for Predictive Maintenance and Anomaly Detection in UR5 Robots
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Mechanical Properties in HIP-Treated GRX810 Across Multiple LPBF Machines and Build Angles
Review on Atomization of Meals
Rheology-Driven Analysis of Extrusion Forces in Fused Filament Fabrication
Rheology-Informed Mixture Engineering of Aggregates for Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
Rheology Modification and Reinforcement of True Silicone Resins for Vat Photopolymerization
Robotic Subscale Bar-Fed Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing
Robotic Wire Arc DED (Directed Energy Deposition) of 316 l Stainless Steel Preform for Forging Application
Role of Defect Interaction and Multi-Site Damage in Fatigue Life of Additively Manufactured Metals
Sacrificial Preform Design and Parameter Optimization for Thin Walls and Corners in Powder-Blown Hybrid DED
Scalable and Data-Driven Control Strategy for Layer Thickness Consistency in Directed Energy Deposition
Selective Laser Etching of Fused Silica for Complex 3D Geometries
Sequential Element Rejection and Admission (SERA) Method for Topological Design of Cellular Materials
Shape Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis for Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattice Structures Under Periodic Boundary Conditions
Silicon Carbide Nanoparticle Filled Nanocomposites Using SLA Resin for Low Thermal Expansion and Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Simultaneous Time Resolved SAXS and WAXS Characterization for Laser Additive Manufacturing via X-Ray Pump Probe at LCLS X-Ray Free Electron Lasers
Single-Crystal Epitaxial Deposition of PWA 1480: Process Development and Microstructural Characterization
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SMOS Hub: Enabling Autonomous Cooperation in Heterogeneous Manufacturing Swarms
Spatiotemporal Laser Beam Shaping for Topographical Control in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
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Surface Correction Process Development for 410 SS Deposited with Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Synchronized, Multi-Mode Process Monitoring for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Systematic Evaluation of Classical and Adaptive Control Strategies for Gantry‑Positioning Reliability in FDM Additive Manufacturing
Tailoring Binder Jet Green and Sintered Part Strength Through Architected Infills
Tailoring Ceramic Slurry Behavior Through Binder Variation: A Three-System Study
Temperature Control in Volumetrically Heated Digital Glass Forming
Temperature Sensor Comparison Study of Spot Pyrometers and Contact Thermocouples for Improved Thermal Monitoring of Wire-Arc DED
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The Influence of Hot Isostatic Pressing Process on the Fatigue Life of EB-PBF Printed Ti-6Al-4V
Thermal Exposure Optimization for Enhanced Interlayer Strength in FFF-Printed ABS: A DOE and Microstructural Investigation
Thermal History Prediction of More Complex Geometries for DED Based on SciML
Thermal Monitoring in AC Selective Laser Flash Sintering of Ceramics Using a Mid-Wave Infrared Photodiode
Toolpath Planning for Multi-Nozzle Concurrent Molten Metal Jetting Process
Top Layer Quality Assurance of Complex Geometries Based on Region of Interest in Additive Manufacturing
Topology and Orientation Optimized-Inspired Toolpath Planning for Continuous Fiber Material Extrusion
Toward Real-Time Finite Element Analysis-Informed Feedback Control of Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition via Robot Operating System 2 In-Situ Monitoring System
Towards Parametric Design for Additive Manufacturing of Coral Structures Using a Digital Twin Approach
Towards Scalable and Energy-Efficient Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Thermoplastic Polymer Composites
Towards the Production of a 3D Part in Selective Laser Additive Manufacturing Acousto-Optic Light Engine (SLAM – ALE)
Train Small, Predict Big: Scalable Thermal Surrogate Modeling for LPBF Using MODAL
Transfer Learning for Process–Microstructure–Property Mapping in Micro Selective Laser Sintering
Transient Liquid Phase Surface Smoothing
Tribo-Mechanical and Corrosion Characteristics of SS316L-IN625 Alloys of Varying Compositions Fabricated by Twin Wire WAAM-TIG
Two-Component Thermoset Polymer Formwork for Concrete Casting
Uncovering Process-Structure Relationships in Directed Energy Deposition of Nickel-Based Alloys on Low-Alloy Steel with Post-Deposition Heat Treatment
Understanding Hardening Behavior Induced by Interlayer Shot Peening in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless Steel
Understanding Multi-Line Printing and the Effects of Controlled Prewetting on Binder Jetting Print Cohesion
Understanding Sources of Spatial Density Variation in Green Parts Produced by Binder Jetting
Understanding the Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 1.2709 Grade Maraging Steel
Understanding the Feasibility of Using NiTi55 Interlayer for Ti6Al4V-18Ni Maraging Steel Multi-Metal Deposition in L-PBF
Use of In-Situ Thermography to Study Scan Strategy for Laser Foil Printing of Metallic Glass
Using Acoustic Signals For Torch-to-Bead Distance Estimation and Closed-Loop Control in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Using Coaxial Melt Pool Images to Construct In-Process 3D Volume Model in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Using Machine Learning-Based Process Map to Guide Evaluation of Inconel 625 Mechanical Properties in Laser Foil Printing
Vat Photopolymerization of Na3V2(PO4)3-Based Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Vat Photopolymerization of Ultra-Soft Polymer Foams
Volumetric Medical Models: Direct Imaging to Functional 3D Prints
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Benefits and Challenges: A Survey
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Development for Aluminum 6061 RAM
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of a Large Scale, High Aspect Ratio, Multi-Material Part
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