| Abstract Scope |
Semi-solid deformation is a critical phenomenon that frequently occurs during casting processes. However, its underlying mechanisms are highly complex due to the interplay of multiple physical phenomena, including solid–liquid phase transformation, fluid flow, solid–liquid interactions, solid–solid contacts, and solid deformation. Thus, elucidating the detailed mechanisms in semi-solid deformation remains a significant challenge, making numerical simulation an essential tool. To address this, we have been developing a multi-physics simulation framework that couples the phase-field (PF), lattice Boltzmann (LB), and material point (MP) methods. In regimes with a relatively low solid fraction, we employ the PF–LB model, treating solid particles as rigid bodies, to investigate semi-solid deformation driven by solid–liquid and solid–solid interactions. In regimes where solid deformation is caused, we use the PF–LB–MP model to capture fragmentation behavior induced by mechanical deformation of the solid phase. |