| Abstract Scope |
Advanced lead-free ferroelectrics of the ABO₃ perovskite structure derive their piezoelectric properties from the hybridization between the B-site cations and oxygen anions, allowing properties to be engineered through doping at the B cation site. Piezoelectric compositions tend to achieve enhanced electromechanical coupling close to the morphotropic phase boundaries. Sn-doped BaTiO₃ (i.e., BaSnₓTi₁₋ₓO₃, BST) is a promising lead-free ferroelectric. BST exhibits Rhombohedral (R), Orthorhombic (O), Tetragonal (T), and Cubic (C) phases, as in its parent BaTiO₃, with phase boundaries shifting as Sn content increases, resulting in a convergence of the R, O, T, and C phases at room temperature in approximately 11 mol% Sn BST. In this work, we will use Rietveld refinement to investigate the crystal structure change of BSTₓ (x = 0-0.15) as the function of temperature (-100 °C-150 °C). This analysis revealed further insights into the temperature-and composition-dependent functional properties of BST ferroelectrics. |