| Abstract Scope |
Liquid metal-based stretchable electronics offer high electrical performance and seamless integration with deformable systems, but face challenges in achieving scalable, high-resolution patterning. In this work, we present a method for micropatterning liquid metal particle (LMP) films with feature sizes as small as 5 µm, by integrating electrostatically enabled colloidal self-assembly and micro-transfer printing. The resulting cold-welded LMP micropatterns exhibit exceptional electromechanical properties – high conductivity (2.4×106 S/m), stretchability (over 1200%), and strain- and pressure-insensitive resistance, owing to their multiscale and dynamic morphologies. Demonstrations in highly stretchable strain sensors and cardiac mapping devices highlight the capabilities of this method for creating high-performance, highly stretchable electronic systems. Notably, balloon catheter-integrated LMP microelectrode arrays show low impedance under extreme deformations, and enable high-resolution endocardial electrogram mapping inside the human heart. This method expands the potential of liquid metal-based stretchable electronics for a wide range of applications, including implantable biomedical devices and soft robotics. |