| Abstract Scope |
Stretchable conductors are essential for advancing soft electronics in applications such as wearable sensors, soft robotics, and implantable medical devices. In this work, we present two types of low-dimensional nanomaterials, 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 0D liquid metal particles (LMPs), for high-performance, highly stretchable, and scalable conductors. Spray-coated CNT thin films are employed to fabricate capacitive strain sensors with high stretchability (>200%), low hysteresis (<2%), and excellent linearity, enabling accurate shape sensing in soft robotic and physiological systems. In parallel, a micropatterning technique combining colloidal self-assembly and micro-transfer printing enables the fabrication of LMP films with microscale resolution. These cold-welded LMP networks exhibit ultrahigh stretchability (>1200%), high conductivity (>2×10⁶ S/m), and resistance that is insensitive to pressure and strain. Demonstrations include balloon catheter-integrated electrode arrays and soft strain sensors. Together, these results showcase the potential of functional low-dimensional materials to enable next-generation stretchable electronic systems. |