| Abstract Scope |
Gallium doped hydroxyapatite (Ga HA) is a promising material for orthopedic implants due to its structural similarity to bone and its potential to reduce infection, inflammation, and bone resorption. This work investigates how gallium incorporation influences HA’s thermal and structural stability and how this translates to ion release and then antimicrobial performance. Ga HA was synthesized by wet chemical precipitation with varying dopant levels and characterized using XRD, HT XRD, XRF, FTIR, Raman, HT Raman, SEM/EDX, TGA, BET, ICP OES, and disk diffusion assays against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus. Emphasis is placed on the effects of Ga on lattice stability, phase transitions, particle surface area, ion release behavior, and antimicrobial efficacy. These findings advance the understanding of Ga‑HA’s multifunctional behavior and support the development of coatings with enhanced durability and biological response, offering tangible improvements in long‑term implant longevity and clinical performance. |