| Abstract Scope |
Irradiation-induced formation of gas bubbles is prevalent in materials under reactor conditions, posing significant degradation in mechanical and physical properties. However, gas bubble superlattices, a microstructure with nanopatterned gas bubble arrays, form in metals at certain irradiation conditions, enhancing the gas storage capacity and reducing swelling in nuclear components. Phase field methods have bene used to model the formation of helium gas bubble superlattices under irradiation and determine their formation window (dose, dose-rate, and temperature), however, these high-fidelity phase field models are computationally expensive. To overcome the high computational cost, Koopman operator theory is applied to develop reduced order models, allowing for simulating helium gas bubble behaviors under irradiation. These models successfully predict the characteristics of helium gas bubble superlattices and then validated by the high-fidelity phase field simulation and experimental results. |