| Abstract Scope |
Proton-conducting ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs) are a promising technology for hydrogen production at intermediate temperatures because of their high proton conductivity, favorable thermodynamics, and high product purity. However, translating the strong performance of button cells to large-area devices remains a significant challenge. This work examines the scale-up of PCECs from 1-inch cells to 25 cm² and larger single-unit formats, with emphasis on the performance and reliability limitations introduced during fabrication and operation. Scaling up p-SOECs typically introduces challenges such as reduced performance and stability, stemming from manufacturing defects (e.g., pin poles, cracks, and warping) and engineering complexities (e.g., current collection and distribution, steam supply and utilization, sealing integrity, and thermal management). Using current-voltage, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Faradaic efficiency, and seal-integrity evaluations, this study identifies the principal scale-up limitations and assesses engineering strategies to improve current collection, sealing, and thermal management for robust, efficient, and stack-ready PCEC systems. |
