| Abstract Scope |
Ti-Ni based alloys are the most extensively studied shape memory alloys, and Cu-doped Ti-Ni-Cu alloys have advantages such as narrow thermal hysteresis, large recoverable strain, and excellent damping properties. They are currently widely used in various driving actuators and medical devices. To reveal the feasibility and thermodynamic rules of the alloy's electro-reduction reaction, this study selected TiO2, NiO, and CuO as raw materials and conducted thermodynamic calculations for the preparation of Ti-Ni-Cu alloys using molten salt electro-deoxidation in a NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt system. At 773 K-1273 K, the O2− removed at the cathode interacts with free Ca2+ in the molten salt to affect TiO2, forming CaTiO3. Among the components, Cu is preferentially reduced (CuO→Cu2O→Cu), followed by Ni (NiO→Ni), and finally Ti (TiO2/CaTiO3→Ti3O5→Ti2O3→TiO→Ti). The precipitated Cu, Ni, and Ti metal atoms undergo solid-state interdiffusion within the high-temperature cathode to form the Ti-Ni-Cu alloy. |