Abstract Scope |
The atomization of liquid metals is a critical technique for producing fine, high-quality metal powders used across various industries, including additive manufacturing (AM), powder metallurgy, and thermal spraying. The process allows for precise control over particle size, morphology, and chemical purity, properties that directly impact the performance of components made from these powders. This review explores the fundamental mechanisms of gas atomization and evaluates multiple atomization techniques, such as inert gas atomization, close-coupled and free fall nozzles, water atomization, and plasma-based methods. Emphasis is placed on the atomization behavior of key industrial metal: steel, titanium, magnesium, and copper. Each presenting distinct challenges and requiring tailored processing conditions. Issues such as oxidation, high melting points, and flowability are discussed alongside innovations in nozzle design, process control, and powder handling. By synthesizing current research and technological developments, this review provides an outlook on the future of gas atomization in advanced manufacturing systems. |