| Abstract Scope |
Additive manufacturing (AM) operates under far-from-equilibrium conditions involving rapid heating, cooling, and complex thermal histories, producing unique microstructures and properties that challenge traditional materials science. Understanding these processes requires advanced characterization methods capable of probing materials across multiple length and time scales. In this keynote, recent advances in synchrotron and neutron techniques for in situ and operando characterization of AM processes will be highlighted. By combining high-energy X-ray diffraction, scattering, and imaging, these approaches enable real-time observation of melt pool dynamics, phase transformations, microstructure evolution, and residual stress development. Case studies will illustrate how such measurements reveal the underlying physics of additive manufacturing and guide alloy design and process optimization. Finally, opportunities emerging from next-generation facilities, high-throughput experiments, and AI-enabled data analysis will be discussed for accelerating materials discovery and manufacturing innovation. |