| Abstract Scope |
As demand for electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage grows, accurate predictive models are essential for advancing battery technology. Understanding and optimizing battery electrode performance requires simulation of coupled physical processes, including diffusion, electrochemical reactions, and phase transition among particles. These interactions occur within complex microstructures that are difficult to model using traditional simulation methods. This work introduces BESFEM, an open-source Battery Electrode Simulation toolkit that utilizes the Smoothed Boundary Method (SBM). SBM replaces sharp interfaces with smooth transitions, removing the need for body-conforming meshes. Built on the MFEM finite element library, BESFEM supports high-order elements, adaptive mesh refinement, and built-in solvers. Developed in C++ and Python, it is designed for both CPU and GPU architectures. This toolkit uses object-oriented programming to offer a modular framework for customization of both half-cell and full-cell models. This flexibility allows researchers to investigate structure-performance relationships and accelerates the development of next-generation battery electrodes. |