| Abstract Scope |
Additive manufacturing systems, particularly network-connected fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers, are increasingly exposed to cybersecurity threats that can compromise data confidentiality, file and object integrity, and device availability. Existing research has identified attack vectors, without a structured way to relate them to defenses. This paper introduces a framework that organizes attacks and defenses across the FDM printing lifecycle. The model uses a two-dimensional matrix in which lifecycle stages (from design to post-processing) are mapped against impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA). Defense categories are aligned with documented attack vectors and established cybersecurity frameworks, including MITRE and NIST. Although not experimentally validated, the introduced framework provides a structured reference for analyzing vulnerabilities and identifying appropriate defense domains in networked 3D printing environments, supporting risk assessment, defensive guardrails, and future research. |