| Abstract Scope |
This study developed models to simulate blast furnace operations under hydrogen-rich gas injection, including coke oven gas(COG), natural gas(NG) , syngas, and hydrogen, based on mass-energy balance, theoretical combustion temperature, and energy-carbon emission analysis. The results showed a consistent decrease in the degree of direct reduction with increasing gas injection volume (10–60 m³/t). For each 10 m³/t increase in injection, the degree of direct reduction declined by 0.0097 (COG), 0.0185 (NG), 0.0047 (syngas), and 0.0087 (hydrogen). Similarly, the theoretical combustion temperature decreased by 4.93 °C (COG), 12 °C (NG), 3.13 °C (syngas), and 2.41 °C (hydrogen). The average fuel replacement ratios were 0.82 kg/m³ (COG), 0.475 kg/m³ (NG), 0.285 kg/m³ (syngas), and 0.453 kg/m³ (hydrogen). Energy consumption increased by 1.07 kgce/t (COG), 2.74 kgce/t (NG), and 0.68 kgce/t (syngas) per 10 m³/t of gas injected, whereas a decrease of 1.15 kgce/t was observed for hydrogen. Notably, carbon emissions were reduced by 5.78 kg/t (COG), 13.82 kg/t (NG), 3.98 kg/t (syngas), and 15.61 kg/t (hydrogen) per 10 m³/t injection. |