| Abstract Scope |
In this study, we fabricate ultra-high-resolution porous media using two-photon polymerization (TPP) direct laser writing. This maskless, nonlinear optical process enables sub-diffraction-limited features beyond traditional additive manufacturing limits. Structures are printed via an inverted microscope with a 20X objective, optimizing parameters such as refractive index, laser power, speed, and exposure. Post-processing involves chemical development and SEM imaging. Optical radiative properties are measured across 350–750 nm using a micro-spectrophotometer and validated against Monte Carlo ray tracing and machine learning predictions, with deviations of ~5–8%. This precise, low-waste method aligns well with computational models and is promising for applications in photonics, solar energy, and metamaterials.
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