| Abstract Scope |
Metallurgical and mechanical issues during wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) are affected by high heat input during deposition processes, which disrupts the geometric accuracy and increases the need for post-processing. Moreover, cyclic heating and cooling during the deposition process cause stress accumulation and distortion to the product. Although managing heat at elevated temperatures can be possible through arc oscillation as the heat is evenly distributed across the deposited beads, it can increase the melt pool size, making a higher temperature difference than non-oscillatory deposition. Therefore, there is a need to compare the effects of longitudinal and transverse oscillation on the deposition quality of the WAAM parts with the help of a collaborative robot (COBOT) to better understand the influence of oscillation parameters on the molten pool behavior. Manufacturing complex geometry with precision and consistent deposition height can be achievable by using COBOT. Lower amplitudes result in more oscillation cycles, which cause acceptable deposition quality. This is because better managing the heat input leads to a uniform track. However, reduction in oscillation cycles provides areas with more localized heating and thus creates uneven melting and solidification during deposition. Moreover, reducing the arc heat provides insufficient melting and a lack of penetration. By increasing the scanning speed in higher amplitudes, less time for sufficient melting is provided, and humping happens. Decreasing the weave length too much causes high heat input. However, increasing the weave length may lead to poor surface quality and does not cause straightforward deposition. The comparison of the longitudinal and transverse oscillation offers a better understanding of the effects of changing waveforms on the molten pool behavior. Therefore, increasing productivity and efficiency without sacrificing track integrity is possible by using the arc oscillation technique when appropriate process parameters are selected. |