| Abstract Scope |
Laser-based micro/nano manufacturing offers a scalable and sustainable pathway for synthesizing and patterning two-dimensional (2D) and hybrid nanomaterials. This work presents laser-induced graphene (LIG) as a versatile platform for emerging electronic and optoelectronic devices through direct, solvent-free processing. By tailoring laser–matter interactions, we achieve precise control over defect generation, nanoparticle incorporation, and hierarchical integration to tune electrical, optical, and electrochemical properties. The resulting multi-dimensional graphene nanocomposites enable enhanced performance in gas sensors, flexible optoelectronic transducers, neural electrodes, and micro-supercapacitors. Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal that laser-driven nonequilibrium transformations govern porosity, defect density, and interfacial coupling critical to charge transport and photon–carrier interactions. This approach establishes a digitally programmable and environmentally sustainable method for integrating LIG and hybrid nanomaterials into next-generation microelectronic and energy systems, bridging the gap between fundamental materials design and device-level implementation. |