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Meeting 2026 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition
Symposium In-Situ Monitoring and Control of Solidification & Deformation Processes in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Presentation Title Closed-Loop Multimodal Standoff Height Control in Directed Energy Deposition
Author(s) Callan Herberger, Thomas Feldhausen, Vladimir Orlyanchik
On-Site Speaker (Planned) Callan Herberger
Abstract Scope Laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED) processes suffer from inherent variability that impacts build quality, with fluctuations in melt pool dynamics and powder catchment efficiency leading to dimensional inaccuracies and material property variations. This work presents a closed-loop control framework leveraging multimodal monitoring to enable in-situ control during deposition. By integrating coaxial RGB imaging with high-frequency acoustic monitoring, continuous standoff height prediction at 50 Hz is achieved. This feedback enables dynamic standoff height adjustments, maintaining optimal powder convergence and laser focus throughout the build. Experimental demonstration on 316L stainless steel increased powder catchment efficiency by 39% and build height by 29% compared to open-loop processing. Additionally, layer height variability was reduced significantly, resulting in more consistent material deposition. The framework's modular design allows adaptation to various process parameters establishing a foundation for comprehensive in-situ control of additive manufacturing processes.
Proceedings Inclusion? Planned:
Keywords Additive Manufacturing, Machine Learning, Process Technology

OTHER PAPERS PLANNED FOR THIS SYMPOSIUM

'Simulation Twins' - Sensing and Control of Unseen Quantities Through Real-Time Assimilation of Imaging to FEA
Accelerating Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Adoption Through In-Situ Data Collection and Closed-Loop Processing Control
Alloy Design and Microstructure-Property Relationships for Non-Equiatomic Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta-V-Cr Alloys With Tensile Ductility Made by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Closed-Loop Multimodal Standoff Height Control in Directed Energy Deposition
Effects of Forging on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of AISI 316LSi Fabricated via Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
Enabling Low-Latency Synchrotron XRD Analysis for Real-Time Insights Into Driven Microstructural Evolution
F-56: Directed Energy Deposition of a Medium Manganese Steel: Influence of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
F-57: Dynamics of Intermetallic Phase Formation During Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Aluminium-Titanium
F-58: Microstructural Origins of Tensile Anisotropy and Deformation Behaviour in Additively Manufactured SS201 Stainless Steel
Heat and Beat: New Strategies for Dislocation Density Control in Steels During Laser Powder Bed Fusion
High-Throughput In-Situ Ultrasonic Monitoring of Melt Pool Dynamics and Phase Transformations in Laser Additive Manufacturing
High-Throughput Process–Structure–Property Mapping in LPBF of 316L via In Situ Monitoring and Automated Characterization
In-Situ Monitoring and Closed-Loop Control of Stainless Steel 316L Direct Energy Deposition via Plasma Plume Dynamics
Infrared Imaging and Multiphysics Modeling for Prediction of Solidification Dynamics During Selective Laser Melting
Machine Learning Guided Exploration of Process-Structure-Property Relationships in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Predicting Deposition Height and Properties in Directed Energy Deposition
Processing-Microstructure-Mechanical Behavior Relationships in Ferrous Alloys via Mixed Powder Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Revealing Optimal Melting Regimes for Defect Lean Thin-Walled Aluminium Laser Powder Bed Fusion Builds
Size Effects in Mechanical Properties of LPBF SS316L
Sub-Surface Temperature Evolution Mapping During Laser Powder Bed Fusion via In-Situ XRD
Tailoring Microstructure and Mechanical Properties During Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V via In-Process Laser Heat Treatments
Tailoring Phase Transformation and Residual Stress in Wire-DED via Thermal Sensing and Multiphysics Modeling
Tracking Phase Evolution in Additive Manufacturing of Steels via Operando X-Ray Diffraction
Understanding Microstructure Evolution During Processing in Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials

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