| Abstract Scope |
This study investigates the influence of various parameters on acoustic-actuated particle deposition for multi-material additive manufacturing (AM), including particle size, nozzle size, printing speed, and nozzle height. Sugar particles, a classic simulant for energetic materials, were used as a model material to unveil particle behavior during deposition. Cross-sectional shapes of filaments printed under different conditions were analyzed using optical microscopy, while high-speed imaging was employed to observe jamming phenomena that affected deposition consistency. The results show that printing speed influences the width, height, and angle of repose of the printed cross-section, whereas nozzle height affects only the width and angle of repose. The results also show that larger particles are more prone to jamming due to an increased likelihood of arch formation, while smaller particles tend to jam as a result of cohesive forces. Particles of intermediate size exhibit a lower jamming probability. |