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Meeting 2026 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition
Symposium Advanced Real Time Imaging for Materials Science and Processing
Presentation Title Establishment of Evaluation Approach for Foaming Index in Slag/Metal Reactions
Author(s) Masashi Nakamoto, Ikuru Hatakeyama, Masanori Suzuki, Takeshi Yoshikawa
On-Site Speaker (Planned) Masashi Nakamoto
Abstract Scope In steelmaking processes, since slag foaming caused by CO gas evolution during decarburization reactions in the presence of FeO in the slag can significantly affects the stable operation, its control is highly required. Foaming Index characterized by physical properties according to slag composition and generated bubble diameter is commonly used to predict and assess the foam height. However, several studies have reported discrepancies between the estimation and the experimental results on foaming in case of molten steel/slag interfacial reactions, and the certain limitations remain regarding the applicability of Foaming Index. To address the issues, a novel experimental apparatus, enabling the simultaneous observation and quantification of CO generation rate, foam height, and bubble diameter during interfacial reactions between liquid steel and molten slag, was developed in this study. Through this system, the effectiveness and limitations of Foaming Index in accurately characterizing slag foaming behavior under molten steel/slag interfacial reactions were verified.
Proceedings Inclusion? Planned:
Keywords Extraction and Processing, Iron and Steel, Pyrometallurgy

OTHER PAPERS PLANNED FOR THIS SYMPOSIUM

Development of Fluorescence Imaging Techniques for Visualizing Solute Dynamics in Material Processing
Enhancing Crystallization of Mold Flux under Periodic Temperature Fluctuations Using a Custom Hot-Thermocouple Technique
Establishment of Evaluation Approach for Foaming Index in Slag/Metal Reactions
High-Speed Visualization of Laser-Melt Interactions with Beam Oscillation and Shaping
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In-situ Multi-phase Reaction System Diagnostic Using Dual-Camera Hyperspectral Imaging and Pyrometry
In-situ Observation of Austenite Grain Growth under Isothermal Annealing in Model Alloys via HT-LSCM
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In-situ Observation of Solid-State Transformation and Solidification of as-cast 3rd Generation AHSS
In-situ real-time observation of non-metallic inclusion motion and melting behavior of hydrogen-plasma reduced green iron
In situ observation of steel-slag separation in the melt of direct reduction iron (DRI) using high temperature confocal laser scanning microscope
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In situ X-ray imaging of materials in extreme environments
Insitu multiscale observation of microstructure formation in directional solidification of metallic alloys
Multimodal Operando/In Situ Characterizations of Dynamic Surface Reactions of Metals and Alloys
Multiscale Characterization of Material Redistribution in LPBF Using X-ray Imaging and CFD
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Real-time Synchrotron and XFEL MHz X-ray microscopy study of cavitation and particle impact dynamics under ultrasound
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Revealing mechanisms of processing defect mitigation in laser powder bed fusion via shaped beams using high-speed X-ray imaging
Time-resolved X-ray Diffractometry of Grain Coarsening after a Massive-like Ferrite–Austenite Transformation Following Solidification in Fe–0.45C Steels
Ultra-fast correlative X-ray and inline coherent imaging of electric vehicle welding
Untapped potential: exploring adaptations of contact-mode high-speed AFM
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Utilizing Deep Learning-based Spatiotemporal Fusion to Develop High-Framerate and High-Resolution X-Ray Radiography for the High-Speed Imaging User Community
Visualization of Ignition and Combustion Particles Under Simulated Flash Smelting Conditions
Water Model Experiments of Adhesion of Particles on the Air Column Formed by Swirl Flowin the Pouring Nozzle of Casting Process

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