| Abstract Scope |
Martensitic transformations, perhaps the most recognized of diffusionless transformations, give rise to two classes of material response: a shape memory effect, which is stimulated by changes in temperature, and superelasticity, in which the solid reversibly transforms between crystal structures via strain. The volume change that accompanies the martensitic transformation also gives rise to strain mismatch between grains, which in brittle solids produces cracks that lead to failure. To avoid brittle failure, microstructural design plays a critical role. Using ceria-stabilized zirconia, we explore microstructural strategies to circumvent brittle failure during transformations, exposing these materials to mechanical compression and thermal treatments. Both shape memory and superelasticity could be examined through manipulation of the ceria content. Both X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy are used to track the degree of transformation at differing length scales. By coupling our understanding of martensitic transformations with microstructural design, opportunities for high-temperature actuation and energy damping are possible |