Recycling of Secondary, Byproduct Materials and Energy: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Recycling and Environmental Technologies Committee
Program Organizers: Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; John Howarter, Purdue University; Elsa Olivetti, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Alan Luo, Ohio State University; Adam Powell, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Ziqi Sun, Queensland University of Technology
Monday 5:30 PM
February 24, 2020
Room: Sails Pavilion
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Mingming Zhang, ArcelorMittal
E-52: Characterization of Wasted LEDs from Tubular Lamps Focused on Recycling Process by Hydrometallurgy: Rafael Oliveira1; Amilton Botelho Júnior1; Denise Espinosa1; 1University of São Paulo
Lighting emitting diodes (LED) have impacted lighting products market. Its efficiency turned them the best choice for lighting. Consume has increased and also the amount of waste. LED can be composed by some valuable and critical metals, such as silver, copper, yttrium and gallium. World demand for these metals in technological applications has attracted attention to urban mining, which also leads to circular economy. For this reason, LED recycling process can contribute with secondary source of critical metals and also has environmental benefit. This work aims the characterization analysis of wasted LED to define a recycling route. Methods such as SEM/EDS, ICP-OES, FTIR and EDX was executed to analyze LED lamps components and surface mounted device (SMD). Results showed the presence of copper, yttrium, gallium and silver in SMD and Pb/Sn as electric welding in lamps of some companies. Consecutively, recovery of metals may guarantee feasibility and reduce waste discharge.
Cancelled
E-53: Comprehensive Utilization of Vanadium Extraction Tailings: A Brief Review: Xin Wang1; Junyi Xiang1; Jiawei Ling1; Qingyun Huang2; Xuewei Lv1; 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University; 2College of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology
Vanadium extraction tailings is a kind of hazardous solid waste generated from the vanadium extraction process which using vanadium-bearing converter slag as raw materials. The comprehensive utilization of vanadium extraction tailings is becoming increasingly important due to the stricter environment regulations, cleaner production standards, and the shortage of valuable resources. Many advantages of comprehensive utilization of vanadium extraction tailings have been discovered, such as recover valuable metals, avoid waste of resources, increase economic benefits and reduce environmental pollution, and so on. Various comprehensive utilization of vanadium extraction tailings have been reviewed and compared, mainly focusing on the extraction of vanadium, iron, titanium and gallium from vanadium extraction tailings, and the preparation of titanium-iron black ceramic building materials, far-infrared coatings, converter slagging agents, and so on. The comprehensive condensation of pertinent facts is intended to provide a single reference source rather than the reader perusing many articles.
Cancelled
E-54: Crystallization and Carbonization of TiO2-CaO-SiO2 Ternary Slag: Gangqiang Fan1; Jundan Tan1; Run Zhang1; Jie Dang1; Chenguang Bai1; Chaowen Tan; Huxu Lei1; 1Chongqing University
The utilization of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (TiO2 about 23 wt%) is an urgent problem to be solved. The selective crystallization and carbonization by methane process is a novel method to extract the titanium in the slag. In this study, the thermodynamic calculation and the experimental results showed that the increase of basicity is beneficial for the crystallization of perovskite in the TiO2-CaO-SiO2 ternary slag, which contributes to the enrichment of titanium. In the following carbonization process, it was found that the addition of Fe2O3 and CH4N2O was beneficial for the synthesis of Ti(C,O). The reasons may be that Fe2O3 could catalyze the decomposition of methane to generate the active carbon, and CH4N2O acted as the pore-forming material which resulted in the specific surface area of solid powder increasing, namely increasing the contact chance of methane with powder. The results certified the feasibility of the novel method.
E-55: Gravity Separation of Zinc Mine Tailing Using Wilfley Shaking Table to Concentrate Hematite.: Jonathan Tenório Vinhal1; Raquel Hungaro Costa2; Amilton Botelho Junior2; Jorge Tenório1; Denise Espinosa1; 1University of Sao Paulo; 2USP
The flotation process is used to concentrate the zinc ore, willemite. That process stage produces a residue consisted of hematite and dolomite. This work aims through the density separation to concentrate the mineral phase hematite. The vibrating table was used to process 500g of material. The separation process presented three fractions with different densities. To characterize the fractions, ICP, SEM-EDS and XRD analysis were used. In denser fraction the XRD shows the hematite intensity greater than in the initial sample, indicating the concentration of the mineral phase. Different from other fractions that presented lower intensity. The ICP in denser fraction had an iron content of 40.4%, higher than the initial sample of 7%. The SEM-EDS also presented an iron content increasing from 7% to 44.5%. Therefore, density separation is an alternative that adds value to the material, reducing tailing volume in mine industry.
E-56: Hydrothermal Regeneration of Cycled LiFePO4 Cathode Material from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries: Qiankun Jing1; Yubo Liu1; Bao Liu1; Jialiang Zhang1; Chengyan Wang1; 1University of Science and Technology, Beijing
In this work, a facile hydrothermal method is proposed to directly regenerate the cycled LiFePO4 separated from spent LIBs. The component analysis by ICP-AES indicates that the cathode material LiFePO4 will lose part of reversible lithium after long-term cycling of the battery, resulting in the capacity fading. In addition, the XRD analysis shows the LiFePO4 transforms to olivine structured FePO4 because of the missing reversible lithium. Based on this, the hydrothermal process is carried out to supplement missing lithium. After a 3-hour hydrothermal process at 200 oC, the reversible lithium of regenerated LiFePO4 can be supplemented up to 93%. Also, the regenerated LiFePO4 shows excellent electrochemical performance of specific discharge capacity 135 mA h g-1 at 1 C rate, and the capacity loss is less than 1% after 100 cycles. The mechanism of the hydrothermal regeneration has also been discussed from the aspects of thermodynamics and crystal structure transformation.
E-57: Minimization of Copper Contamination in Steel Scrap: Hyunsoo Jin1; Brajendra Mishra1; 1Worcester Polytechnic Institute
In secondary steel production, copper and tin contamination cause surface defects and loss of ductility in steel products. These tramp element contents are rising in steel scrap due to increased use of steel scrap generated by the automotive and electronic industries. To overcome this problem, dilution of the charge using low copper scrap has been the solution. However, this solution limits the use of steel scrap in steel recycling.Theoretically, there are few methods available to reduce the tramp elements concentration in scrap. This presentation will describe some of the pyrometallurgical methods for lowering of bulk scrap contamination and hydrometallurgical techniques to control the surface impurities. Thermodynamic possibilities have been discussed by other research groups. This paper will elucidate some experimental results.
Cancelled
E-58: Recycling Corrugated Cardboard: Boon-Chai Ng1; Joshua Lim1; 1Andrews University
Water bottles and corrugated cardboards are an excellent source of bonding and fiber (respectively). These two recycled materials were shredded using a typical cross cut paper shredded and mixed in certain ratios.These composite mix were then heated and compressed to form into a fiberboard material. This composite material was tested for strength and weatherability and the results will be discussed.
Cancelled
E-59: Recycling of Blast Furnace Flue Dust with In-flight Reduction Technology: Reduction Behavior and Kinetic Analysis: Jin Xu1; Nan Wang1; Min Chen1; Haiyang Yu1; 1Northeastern University
Blast furnace (BF) dust is a by-product of the blast furnace ironmaking process. As one of the metallurgical solid wastes, the output of BF dust is estimated to be about 7–11% of steel production annually. The main components of BF dust are high contents of recyclable iron (total Fe ~ 40%) and carbon (~15%), as well as a small amount of other elements, such as Ca, Si, Al, Mg or Zn. In recent years, a novel in-flight reduction technology has been developed, which is thought to be a flexible technology that can utilize the large quantities of fine iron-bearing metallurgical dust directly to bypass the sintering/pelletization and conventional coke-making steps. In this work, the reduction behavior of BF dust particles during in-flight process is studied for better understanding of the reduction process. Kinetic analysis is carried out to establish reduction kinetic model and obtain kinetic parameters for the reduction process.
Cancelled
E-60: Recycling of Used Quartz Crucible and Parts Using Acid Leaching and Hot Chlorination Process: Jong Ho Kim1; 1RIST
The high purity quartz crucibles are used when producing single crystal silicon, the raw material for semiconductor devices. In general, used quartz is considered a disposable item because it is etched and also stained from chemical solution oh its surface over certain period usage. Quartz can be recycled by removing impurities from discarded ones. Some researches try to melt or polish to remove foreign matters and build-up stains. In this study, acid leaching and hot chlorination process were adopted to remove impurities. Used quartz is obtained from silicon and quartz industry and crushed into sand shape. Acid leaching is effective to remove some metallic impurities and hot chlorination process is effective in eliminating alkali elements. It is found that applying these processes, the purity of used materials is recovered to its initial level.
E-61: Residual Quarry Sludge Stabilization to Prefabricate Sustainable Building Elements.: Andres Felipe Restrepo Ramirez1; Nicolas Zapata1; Juan Carlos Ochoa Botero1; Yhan Paul Arias Jaramillo1; 1Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Processes of construction and building materials industry have become the results of the quarry exploitation activities. This is associated with inefficient processes due to its large consumption of resources for the sandstones washing which generates waste without use, ie, Sludge and soft clay as principal products. In this work, a waste for a Colombian quarry is stabilized by the use of mineral charges of SiO2 with variable particle sizes, in addition to Ca(OH)2 and Na(OH) with different molar ratios. A statistical design of experiments with a surface response is used, looking for a suitable composition so can obtain a material with a load-bearing capacity and dimensional stability. The use of this methodology is proposed for the stabilization and the use of this material as the raw material for the production of prefabricated; blocks or masonry elements, achieving more sustainable processes in the production chain of the mining and construction industry.
Cancelled
E-62: : Selective Recovery of Lithium from Ternary Spent Lithium-ion Batteries using Sulfate Roasting-water Leaching Process: Di Chang1; 1Central South University
A novel sulfate roasting-water leaching method was proposed to selectively extract lithium from spent ternary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Spent ternary LIBs was first pre-treated by discharge, thermal treatment, crushing and sieving to separate active powder from Al foil and Cu foil. The mixture of active powder and Na2SO4 was roasted, and final leaching of the roasted product at 60 °C for 30 min with hot water. Detailed operating parameters were systematically investigated. The results showed that more than 95% of Li was selectively leached, while Ni, Co and Mn were hardly leached, under such the conditions as mass ratio of active powder to Na2SO4 of 1:2, roasting temperature of 800 °C and roasting time of 60 min.
E-63: Separation and Recovery of Zinc and Cobalt from Zinc Plant Residue by Alkali Leaching: Guihong Han1; Yangbo Geng1; Yukun Huang1; Zuoqi Ma1; Yanfang Huang1; Weijun Peng1; 1Zhengzhou University
Cobalt is a strategic metal, while the cobalt grade is not good in China, and the cobalt industry has relied on imports for a long time. In contrast, it is a good solution to obtain cobalt from secondary sources. Zinc plant residue (55.59% zinc content, 0.132% cobalt content) contains a variety of valuable metals, including cobalt, and its abundance is even higher than the abundance of some cobalt ores. In this study, the main influencing factors for the separation of zinc and cobalt by alkali leaching were studied, including sodium hydroxide concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, solid-liquid ratio(A/S), agitation speed, etc. With an optimal condition of sodium hydroxide concentration 2.5 mol/L, liquid-solid ratio 20/1 (mL/g), reaction time 40min, agitation speed 300 rpm, reaction temperature 30 ℃, zinc leaching rate reached 96.33%, cobalt leaching rate is less than 10%, the purpose of the separation of cobalt and zinc was initially achieved.
Cancelled
E-64: Study on Mineral Phase Pomposition and Viscosity of Hot Metal Pretreatment Desulfurization Slag Based on Factsage: Tengfei Ma1; Wufeng Jiang1; Suju Hao1; Yuzhu Zhang1; 1North China University of Science and Technology
In order to systematically study the mineral phase composition and viscosity change law of hot metal pretreatment desulfurization slag, this paper summarizes and analyzes the desulfurization slag composition produced by different desulfurization agents. Phase diagram simulation was carried out using Factsage software to observe the phase composition of the desulfurization slag. Then, the viscosity of the desulfurization slag was calculated in the conventional ironmaking temperature range, and the viscosity was observed with temperature. This study can enrich the theory of desulfurization slag and provide data reference for iron and steel enterprises to deal with the problem of hot metal pretreatment desulfurization residue and slag.Key words: Factsage, desulfurization slag, mineral phase composition, viscosity
Cancelled
E-65: Study on Oxidation Roasting Process of Cathode Sheets from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries: Yan Xi1; 1Central South University
Abstract Spent lithium ion batteries(LIBs) contain lots of valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese, together with organic solvents, binders, and other toxic materials. Therefore, recycling valuable metals from spent LIBs has the dual significance of comprehensive resource recovery and environmental protection. In this study, oxidation roasting was used to dispose of the cathode sheets of LIBs. The effects of roasting temperature, oxygen concentration, roasting time and gas flow rate on the separation of cathode sheets, removing of C、F、P and Al and phase transition of valuable metal of cathode active powder were investigated in detail. The results showed that the effective separation of active powder and Al foil can be achieved under the optimized conditions of temperature of 550℃,oxygen concentration of 21%,roasting time of 30min and gas flow rate of 300mL/min. Keywords Oxidation Roasting Spent Lithium ion batteries Removing Impurity Phase transition