Advances in Magnetic Materials: Soft Magnetic Materials
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Magnetic Materials Committee
Program Organizers: Jose Maria Porro, BCMaterials; Huseyin Ucar, California Polytechnic University,Pomona; Patrick Shamberger, Texas A&M University; Min Zou, Lab Magnetics, A Quadrant Company; Gaoyuan Ouyang, Ames Laboratory; Alex Leary, NASA Glenn Research Center
Monday 8:30 AM
March 20, 2023
Room: 33A
Location: SDCC
Session Chair: Alex Leary, NASA Glenn Research Center
8:30 AM Invited
Market Trends and Supply Chain Constraints for Soft Magnetic Materials: Eric Theisen1; 1Metglas Inc.
Supply chain issues have proven to be a global problem in recent years and the soft magnetic material market has been effected. In addition, new trends in efficiency regulations along with growing demands for electric motor laminations have further strained the existing capacity causing further supply and delivery issues. Steel production capacity is currently being added domestically and globally. However, it is being predicted that the demand for electrical vehicles will outpace this additional capacity. Furthermore, efficiency requirements in both grain oriented and non-oriented electrical steel applications require higher levels of processing which tend to reduce the production capacity. Here we will discuss the interactions between demand for grain oriented electrical steel, non-oriented electrical steel and amorphous foils.
9:00 AM
Computer-aided Optimization of Packing Behavior of Soft-magnetic Amorphous Powder: Jungjoon Kim1; Junhyub Jeon2; Seok-Jae Lee2; Youngkyun Kim3; Hwi-Jun Kim4; Youngjin Kim5; Hyunjoo Choi6; 1Kookmin Univeristy; 2Jeonbuk National University; 3Institute of Advanced Engineering; 4Korea Institute of Industrial Technology; 5Korea Institute of Materials Science; 6Kookmin University
For the effective use of magnetic materials, many studies have investigated the prevention of magnetic dilution by increasing the density of the magnetic material. To prepare ceramic or crystalline magnetic materials, high-temperature and high-pressure processes are used. However, when these processes are used to prepare amorphous materials, their magnetic properties deteriorate due to crystallization.This study investigated the change in packing fraction by varying the mixing ratios of different-sized powders. We determined the mixing ratio of high-density powders using various approaches, including simulation, theoretical modeling, experimental verification, and machine learning. These methods enabled us to achieve results similar to those obtained when simulating the behavior of an actual powder, as the interaction of the powder can be reflected by the angle of repose. Finally, our study found that the packing fraction was improved through the machine learning approach.
9:20 AM
Effect of Nitrogen Martensite Formation on Magnetostriction in Fe-Co Alloy: Tomohiro Tabata1; Matahiro Komuro1; Yusuke Asari1; Masafumi Noujima1; Shohei Terada1; 1Hitachi, Ltd.
It is known that permendur, an iron-cobalt bimetallic alloy, exhibits the highest saturation magnetization (μ0MS) of 2.4 T in bulk soft magnetic materials. However, because of its very high saturation magnetostriction (λS) of 70 ppm, the magnetic behavior of permendur undergoes significant changes due to external forces. On the other hand, our group has been studying the effects of nitrogen incorporation and martensite formation on saturation magnetization in iron-based alloys. Last year, our group reported on the improvement of saturation magnetization by nitrogen martensite formation in iron-cobalt alloy systems. In order to apply this material to power electronics, it is necessary to investigate its magnetostrictive properties. However, the effect of nitrogen incorporation on the magnetostriction of iron-cobalt alloys has not been studied. In this presentation, we report our experimental investigation of the relationship between stress and magnetic properties in iron-cobalt nitrogen martensite.
9:40 AM
High-Temperature Stability of Induced Anisotropy and Permeability in Co-Rich Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Alloys: Tyler Paplham1; Yuankang Wang1; Paul Ohodnicki1; 1University of Pittsburgh
It is well known that large magnetic anisotropies can be induced in nanocrystalline soft magnetic material by applying an external field or mechanical strain during annealing. At high temperature this anisotropy can become unstable due to an instability in the underlying mechanism of anisotropy. This presents difficulty for achieving stable, linear performance in extreme-temperature inductor applications, and there is thus an incentive to understand the composition, temperature, and heating rate dependence of this breakdown to determine ideal pathways for maximizing anisotropy stability. Here we present initial studies of a Co-rich nanocrystalline alloy, wherein experiment and theoretical considerations will be applied to (1) measure magnitude of induced anisotropies via typical field/strain annealing processes, (2) characterize stability of the induced anisotropy and associated permeability at temperatures approaching 500°C, and (3) apply theory to explain the trends in observed breakdown of anisotropy.
10:00 AM Break
10:15 AM Invited
Tunable Magnetics: Materials, Manufacturing, and Component Designs: Paul Ohodnicki1; Tyler Paplham1; Richard Beddingfield2; Mark Nations2; Subhashish Bhattacharya2; 1University of Pittsburgh; 2North Carolina State University
Soft magnetic materials and their applications at the component level are of increasing importance as trends continue towards increased renewable penetration at the distribution level as well as the electrification of transportation and industrial sectors. Historically, soft magnetic components such as transformers and inductors have played a passive role in electric power conversion with design objectives targeting high efficiency and power density. One focus area for the Advanced Magnetics for Power and Energy Development consortium lies in the development and demonstration of a new suite of advanced magnetic components with tunable properties that can be optimized for specific electric power conversion technology applications. This presentation will overview new concepts in “tunable magnetics” technologies currently being pursued and will motivate their value and potential within future applications at the system level. Emphasis will be placed upon medium frequency and/or high power magnetic components based on state-of-art materials and design concepts.
10:45 AM
Effect of Thermodynamic and Sintering Atmosphere Parameters on Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn Ferrites: Suraj Mullurkara1; Alexander Pierce1; Christopher Bracken1; Paul Ohodnicki1; 1University of Pittsburgh
Manganese zinc (Mn-Zn) ferrites are soft magnets of choice for power magnetic applications within the 100 kHz to 10 MHz operating frequency range due to moderate saturation flux densities of 0.4-0.5 T and high resistivities which limits eddy current losses. Ferrites are traditionally prepared via standard powder processing routes involving a double sintering step, with resultant properties heavily dependent on detailed thermal and atmospheric parameters during sintering. In this work, ferrite samples are synthesized with varied sintering temperatures and atmospheres to control phase identity and microstructural evolution as characterized by XRD and SEM. DC magnetic properties will be characterized via VSM using M-H loops and temperature dependent magnetization. Permeabilities measured via impedance analyzer will also be correlated with microstructural changes by fitting microstructurally dependent dispersion models. Core loss will be measured using the two winding technique to understand effects of sintering parameters on hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses.
11:05 AM
Low Magnetostrictive Materials Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation: Alexander Paulischin1; Michael Zawodzki1; Stefan Wurster1; Heinz Krenn2; Reinhard Pippan1; Andrea Bachmaier1; 1Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences; 2Institute of Physics, University of Graz
In this study, the focus is on the influence of the chemical composition on the magnetostrictive behavior of Fe-rich FeCu alloys produced by high pressure torsion (HPT), a method of severe plastic deformation. Powder blends of ferromagnetic Fe and diamagnetic Cu with nominal Cu-contents between 0 - 30 at. % are compacted and subsequently HPT-deformed, resulting in the formation of a nanocrystalline microstructure. In addition, an increased solubility of Cu in the Fe-matrix is achieved for low amounts of Cu. Strain gauges are used to measure the magnetostrictive behavior of the processed powder blends in magnetic fields up to 2T. When comparing to literature values of pure Fe, a strong decrease in magnetostriction for small amounts of Cu was found. Furthermore, SQUID magnetometry, microstructural investigations using scanning electron microscopy, atom probe tomography as well as synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques are performed to characterize the investigated alloys.
11:25 AM
Crystallization Kinetics and Magnetic Properties of Co-Fe2.3Mn2.3Nb4Si2B14 Nanocomposite Ribbon: Yuankang Wang1; Alex Leary2; Paul Ohodnicki1; 1University of Pittsburgh; 2NASA
Co-based metal amorphous nanocomposites soft magnetic materials (MANCs) exhibit excellent magnetic and mechanical properties with tunable characteristics through magnetic field and strain annealing methods, making it promising for applications such as inductors and current transformers at elevated temperature. Of great interest for space and other environments are high temperature performance and thermal stability. In this project, the thermal stability of Co-Fe2.3Mn2.3Nb4Si2B14 at elevated temperature has been investigated. The crystallization kinetics of primary and secondary crystallization are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and activation energy are calculated by Kissinger method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are performed to investigate the microstructural evolution during annealing at elevated temperature. The magnetic properties after annealing are measured by vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The results indicated that Co-Fe2.3Mn2.3Nb4Si2B14 exhibits excellent thermal stability and magnetic properties, indicating it is promising for magnet applications at elevated temperature.