Energy Materials for Sustainable Development: Poster Session
Sponsored by: ACerS Energy Materials and Systems Division
Program Organizers: Krista Carlson, University of Nevada, Reno; Armin Feldhoff, Leibniz University Hannover; Kyle Brinkman, Clemson University; Eva Hemmer, University of Ottawa; Nikola Kanas, BioSense Institute; Kjell Wiik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Lei Zuo, Virgina Tech; Joshua Tong, Clemson University ; Danielle Benetti, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Katherine Develos-Bagarinao, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Soumi Chatterjee, Aditya Birla Science & Technology Company, Ltd
Monday 5:00 PM
October 10, 2022
Room: Ballroom BC
Location: David L. Lawrence Convention Center
L-14: Effects of Activation on Generated Biochar from Co-pyrolyzed Soursop Seeds (Annona muricata) and Mango Seeds (Magnifera indica) Biomass.: Joshua Onaifo1; Esther Ikhuoria1; 1University of Benin, Nigeria
Biochar was produced from Annona muricata and Magnifera indica by co-pyrolysis at a heating rate of 5oCmin-1, residence time (tr) of 45mins and 2hours, and pyrolysis temperatures (Tp) of 350, 400 and 500oC . Co-pyrolyzed biochar were chemically and physically activated with KOH and CO2 respectively at 850oC for 75min. The specific surface area (as,BET) of biochar were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method using nitrogen adsorption at 77K. Functional group were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. The chemically and physically activated carbon had as,BET values of 18.30m2g-1 and 574.63m2g-1 for high tr, while 228.20m2g-1 and 810.55m2g-1 for low tr. The porous carbons had peaks corresponding to N-H/O-H, C=O, C-O, and C=C bonds. Negative correlation exited between Tp and peak intensity in the biochar. The as,BET for all samples were high at low tr. Physical activation greatly increases the surface area of the biochar, thus increasing its industrial potential.
L-15: Electrochemical Properties of a Titanium-Substituted KVPO4F Cathode for K-Ion Batteries: Xiaoran Yang1; Jae Chul Kim1; 1Stevens Institute of Technology
A battery system made of electrodes that intercalate potassium (K) ions as a charge carrier can be one of the promising large-scale energy storage platforms for grid. To design the K-ion cathodes, materials with open and rigid frameworks are considered desirable due to the large ionic radius of K. Especially, the polyanionic framework of KVPO4F has the potential to store K effectively. However, its rate capability and cyclability are unsatisfactory to develop practical K-ion batteries. In this presentation, we will demonstrate the effect of partial titanium (Ti) substitution for vanadium (V) on the electrochemical properties of KVPO4F. We found that kinetics and reversibility of K intercalation and the associated physicochemical properties of Ti-substituted KVPO4F are strongly coupled with local coordination of K. Our results suggest that Ti substitution can be an effective approach to design K-ion cathode materials.
L-16: Nucleation and Growth of Cu2O: Effect of pH, Potential and Substrate: Akhilender Singh1; Garima Aggarwal1; Sushobhita Chawla1; Chandan Das1; Balasubramaniam Kavaipatti1; 1Indian Institute of Technology
Cu2O is electrodeposited on FTO & Au substrates at different overpotentials and in pH 9 & 12 electrolytes. A 3-D instantaneous & progressive nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth is observed in pH 9. The Cu2O/FTO films deposited at low overpotential and in pH 9 are 100 oriented, shifting to 111 at higher overpotentials, while Cu2O/Au maintain 100 orientation even at high overpotentials. The grain size of Cu2O/FTO decreases from 4 to 0.5 μm with increasing potential, whereas increases from 100 to 500 nm for Cu2O/Au. The presence of large induction period (~60 sec) on Au compared to FTO indicates that nucleation sites on Au have similar surface energies than on FTO. For pH 12, nucleation remains 3-D instantaneous and progressive type, however, growth becomes diffusion and charge transfer controlled. The preferred orientation of Cu2O is primarily decided by electrolyte pH as well as potential and is less dependent on polycrystalline substrates.
L-17: Proton Conducting Layered Perovskites of the Form Ba5Er2Al2ZrO13: Joshua Willoughby1; Yuqing Meng1; Joshua Tong1; Kyle Brinkman1; 1Clemson University
Proton conducting ceramics are a key step in the development of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The electrolyte layer of fuel cells facilitates the transport of protons and oxygen ions between the electrodes while blocking the transfer of electrons. The layered hexagonal perovskite family has been shown to demonstrate this level of proton conduction while also having low electronic conductivity. The Ba5Er2Al2ZrO13 material adopts this structure and has been reported to be a pure ionic conductor, making it an ideal candidate for an electrolyte material in a protonic ceramic fuel cell. In this work, the Ba5Er2Al2ZrO13 material has a sintering aid of 1% wt NiO added to increase the final density of the material for the application as an electrolyte. In this study, DC four-point tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electromotive force testing are used in order to characterize and separate the material’s electronic, oxide, and proton conductive properties.
L-13: Cu2O Single Crystal Synthesis via Strain-Induced Abnormal Grain Growth: Garima Aggarwal1; Akhilender Singh1; Balasubramaniam Kavaipatti1; 1Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Usage of single-crystalline Cu2O in optoelectronic devices is limited due to the complexities involved in synthesis processes. Here, we utilize strain-induced abnormal grain growth to produce single crystals in short-duration annealing of only 5 h, which is ~90 % less than conventional 48 h annealing. A 0.25 mm thick Cu-foil is cold-worked at room temperature and subjected to a three-step oxidation process at 1050 °C. The cold-working of Cu-foil increases the hardness by 20 %, indicating higher dislocation density at specific locations. This gradient in different locations of Cu foil gives rise to inhomogeneity in the microstructure, which drives the recrystallization. As edges are more exposed to this deformation, abnormal grain growth is observed at those sites. These abnormally grown grains prepared without following strict single crystal growth protocols (long duration, high-temperature synthesis) have diameters ranging from 2−10 mm, which are akin to single-crystalline Cu2O in various applications.
L-18: Thin-Film Glassy Solid Electrolytes Enabling High Energy Density Li Solid State Batteries: Steve Martin1; 1Iowa State University
Fast ion conducting glasses have long been considered as alternatives to flammable liquid electrolytes in Li batteries. However, for such glassy solid electrolytes (GSEs) studied so far, they have lacked the unique combination of required electrochemical properties for use as a solid electrolyte with the equally important requirements of viscoelastic behavior and resistance to crystallization to form them into thin films suitable for high ion conductivity separators. In this first ever report of thin film fast ion conducting glasses made by viscoelastic deformation processing of redrawing glass preforms, we report new compositions where we have broken this long standing paradigm of high conductivity combined with high alkali salt concentration but poor glass formability and will summarize our efforts to produce thin films of Li ion conducting glasses and test in them in symmetric and asymmetric cells.