Biological Materials Science: Biomaterials I
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS Structural Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Steven Naleway, University of Utah; Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; Rajendra Kasinath, DePuy Synthes (Johnson and Johnson); David Restrepo, University of Texas at San Antonio
Tuesday 8:30 AM
February 25, 2020
Room: Leucadia
Location: Marriott Marquis Hotel
Session Chair: Jing Du, Penn State University; Steven Naleway, University of Utah
8:30 AM
Novel Architectured Materials for Treating Heart Disease: David Restrepo1; Juan Rincon1; Hai-Chao Han1; 1University of Texas at San Antonio
Myocardial infarction (MI) produces a deterioration of the pump function, leading to heart failure. Currently, Cardiac patches (CPs) are used to strengthen the infarcted wall to improve cardiac function post-MI. However, CPs have two major limitations: (i) CPs can only provide passive support to the scar tissue and no ability to assist heart contraction. (ii) CPs need to be stiff enough to provide sufficient support but cannot be too stiff to limit diastolic filling. It is of clinical interest to design a smart material to fulfill these limitations. In this work, we present a new architecture material that generates shrinkage (contraction) when subject to tension from surrounding heart wall tissue contraction, so it can assist heart contraction (enhance systolic function) and conform better to the natural heart movements and mechanical properties. Specifically, we will discuss the design, mechanical features, and limitations of such material.
8:50 AM
Organic Plasma Processing (OPP) for Bio-interfacing Soft-matter Surfaces: Vinoy Thomas1; Vineeth Vijayan1; Bernabe Tucker1; Yogesh Vohra1; 1University of Alabama at Birmingham
Low temperature plasma processing has been widely used as a non-invasive method for chemical modification of soft-matter and biomatter surfaces. We evaluated the capability of non-equilibrium organic plasma processing (OPP) to generate superhydrophobic, super hydrophilic, and functional surfaces on polymer surfaces for biointerfacing applications. More specifically, methylmethacrylate (MMA) plasma processing was used to generate superhydrophobic surfaces with contact angle of 154 degree. The observed superhydrophobicity can be attributed to physical etching of surface of PTFE by oxygen plasma and the subsequent O2/MMA combined plasma mediated surface chemical film deposition. Similarly, hydrophilic and NO-functional surfaces were prepared using appropriate organic plasma precursors. The OPP treated surface were then systematically investigated using characterizations such as XPS, FTIR, XRD, DSC, OES and SEM analyses. The superhydrophobic/ superhydrophilic and functional surfaces may have the potential to reduce thrombosis or to enhance endothelial cells growth for soft-polymer grafts for their use in small caliber applications.
9:10 AM
Quick Setting Dental Pulp Capping Materials Made from Sodium Silicate and Calcium Phosphate Glasses: Jerry Howard1; Levi Gardner1; Zahra Saifee1; Isaac Nelson1; John Colombo2; Steven Naleway1; Krista Carlson1; Aladdin Geleil1; 1University of Utah; 2University of Las Vegas, Nevada
When the pulp of a tooth becomes infected or damaged, a root canal is often performed. When the pulp of a damaged tooth is healthy, however, a dentist may attempt to prevent a root canal by sealing the pulp with a cement in a technique called pulp capping. Currently, pulp capping success rates vary, with major issues including long setting times, poor sealing ability, and degradation over time resulting in loss of function. To increase the success of pulp capping, a bioactive cement composed of two glass compositions – sodium metasilicate and calcium phosphate – was developed. The setting time, sealing ability, and in-vitro phase maturation of the cement were examined. The material was shown to have favorable working and setting times, form an effective seal, and mature into a chemically stable, biocompatible phase.
9:30 AM
Bone Growth at Breast Cancer Metastasis Evaluated using an In-vitro Cancer Metastasis Model: Kalpana Katti1; Sumanta Kar1; Haneesh Jasuja1; Dinesh Katti1; 1North Dakota State University
Breast cancer deaths are often associated with skeletal complications from metastasis to bone. Tumor growth at metastasis is ill understood and treatments often include bone stabilization. We have developed a novel in vitro model of breast cancer bone metastasis using nanoclay scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA MB 231). Investigation of bone structures at tumor sites indicate highly disturbed morphology of the mineralized collagen. Since the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the bone regenerative process, we specifically evaluate this pathway at breast cancer bone metastasis. We report that Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on osteogenesis during breast cancer bone metastasis with MCF-7 and MDA MB 231. Our studies indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling governs osteogenesis within the metastasized bone environment. The nanoclay scaffold provides a useful testbed approach for investigating pathways of cancer metastasis.
9:50 AM Break
10:05 AM
Structural Analysis of Additively Manufactured Prosthetic Sockets using 360 Degree 3D-Digital Image Correlation: Isaac Cabrera1; Kaela Wong1; Victor Bourgin2; Win-Ying Zhao1; Patricia Castillo1; Connie Gean1; Pegah Bagheri1; Bryn Henning1; KiAsia Lawson3; Joseph Martin1; Samantha Fong1; Ramesh Rao1; Albert Lin1; Joanna McKittrick1; 1University of California San Diego; 2Imperial College London; 3North Carolina A&T State University
One of the largest problems in structural analyses of additively manufactured prosthetic sockets is the unpredictable failure behavior due to poor understanding of the anisotropic nature of the additively manufactured materials. In this study, we examined the macroscale and microscale failure of additively manufactured prosthetic sockets using a new characterization tool, 360˚ 3D-Digital Image Correlation. This tool is useful in the field of material science because it will allow us to study the deformation of highly anisotropic materials; with this method, we examined the strain distribution, including out of plane strain, on the entire surface of a 3D structure. Since the mechanical properties of many biological materials are strongly influenced by structural elements, we can use this tool to isolate the contributions of these structures. Future studies using this characterization tool could examine anisotropic biological materials with cellular, bouligand, or tubular structural elements.
10:25 AM
Long-term in vivo Cyclic Loading Upregulates the Effects of Osteoporosis Treatment: James Rosenberg1; Ursula Eberli2; Stephan Zeiter2; Vincent Stadelmann3; Claire Acevedo1; 1University of Utah; 2AO Research Institute Davos; 3AO Research Institute Davos, Schutlthess Klinik
Physical activity is known to stimulate bone cell damage removal and new bone formation. High magnitude cyclic loading from extreme activity on weak osteoporotic bone can induce stress fractures whereas low magnitude cyclic loading from daily activity tends to increase bone resistance to fracture. The most common treatment for osteoporosis, namely bisphosphonate treatment, is inhibiting bone resorption to rebuild bone. In this study, we investigated the effects of weekly in vivo fatigue loading on murine hind limbs and bisphosphonate treatment on bone’s ability to adapt to damage in ovariectomized and control mice. After sacrifice, ex vivo fatigue testing to failure was used to compare bone resistance. We found that in vivo loading combined with osteoporosis treatment was significantly increasing tibial bone formation and fatigue resistance. These results can help in identifying the beneficial and detrimental effects of cyclic loading in osteoporotic bone, as well as future development of strengthening treatments.
10:45 AM
Biomechanical Behaviors of Gingival-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (GMSCs) Treated Arthritis Mice Tibia: Yuxiao Zhou1; Junlong Dang2; Ye Chen3; Song Guo Zheng3; Jing Du1; 1Pennsylvania State University; 2Sun Yat-sen University; 3Ohio State University
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a symmetric polyarticular arthritis that primarily affects the small diarthrodial joints of body and causes bone erosion in small and large joints, including knees and shoulders. Only about half of RA patients respond to current treatment methods, and none of these methods are curable. In this study, the effects of a human gingiva derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) on collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice are examined by assessing the biomechanical behaviors. GMSCs were IV injected into CIA mice, whereas human dermal fibroblasts were employed as a negative control. The animals were sacrificed with the tibia collected and embedded. Compression test was performed on the tibial plateau quasi-statically in a mechanical tester coupled with micro-CT. 3D full-field strain inside tibial plateaus was mapped by digital volume correlation of micro-CT images collected at no-load and loaded conditions. The results demonstrate that the GMSCs-treated group exhibited much lower strain as compared with the negative control group, which indicates the improvement of load-bearing functions of tibia plateaus after GMSCs treatment. In conclusion, infusion of GMSCs shows therapeutic effects on CIA mice by alleviating bone erosion.
11:05 AM Invited
Mechanical Properties of Tough, Mechanochemically Active Hydrogels: Jamie Kruzic1; Yuwan Haung1; Bhakthi Jayathilaka1; Kristopher Kilian1; 1University of New South Wales
Inspired by how forces in biological tissues guide matrix deposition, we have developed bioinspired chemistry where an applied force facilitates molecule immobilization through distinct chemical handles built into a synthetic hydrogel network. As a proof of principle, this concept has been demonstrated using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels that are formed through model force-responsive disulphide linkages where bond scission is able to catalyze reactions with complementary groups (e.g., acryloyl and/or maleimide). Furthermore, recognizing that single network hydrogels suffer from inherent brittleness that make them poor choices for load bearing bioengineering applications, we have incorporated these mechanochemically active networks into tough, double network hydrogels reinforced with alginate to mimic the interpenetrating networks of biomolecules found in living tissue. This presentation will report on the mechanical and functional properties of these double network, mechanochemically active hydrogels.