Biological Materials Science: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: David Restrepo, University of Texas at San Antonio; Steven Naleway, University of Utah; Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; Ning Zhang, Baylor University; Hannes Schniepp, William & Mary
Tuesday 5:30 PM
March 1, 2022
Room: Exhibit Hall C
Location: Anaheim Convention Center
Session Chair: Ning Zhang, The University of Alabama; Jeffrey Bates, The University of Utah
K-2: Alternative Method for Diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis Using Fluoresce: Cassidy Holdeman1; 1University of Utah
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder with serious health implications if not diagnosed early in life. The current diagnostic test is the sweat test, using chloride ion concentration to determine the patient’s diagnosis. This research is focused on an alternative diagnostic method using a system of chloride ionophore and polarity-sensitive dye (PSD). Polarity-sensitive dyes, in combination with chloride ionophores and sweat, have a visible color shift; PSDs also fluoresce in specific environmental conditions. Here, we investigate the fluorescence of Nile red, Nile blue, and DiA to examine its effectiveness in detecting small changes in the ion concentration of biological solutions. Both Nile blue and Nile red have shown color change and fluoresce in different chloride ion concentrations, with potential uses in diagnosing CF.
K-3: Bio-inspired Impact Resistant Coatings: Taige Hao1; Wei Huang1; Robin James1; Paige Romero1; Taifeng Wang1; Devis Montroni1; David Kisailus1; 1University of California, Irvine, Materials Science and Engineering Department
The mantis shrimp utilizes a coating comprised of bi-continuous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and an organic matrix to localize damage and protect its dactyl club during high speed collisions (~10,000g acceleration) involved in its feeding activities. Although these coatings are very thin (~ 70μm), they offer significant protection under high strain rate impacts. In this work, a composite, impact resistant, coating comprised of silicon carbide nanoparticles within a polymer matrix was developed to mimic the biological coatings of the dactyl club. The degree of damping and energy dissipation can be tuned by changing the volume percent of particles, the ratio of stiffness between the particle and matrix, and the interface between the particle and matrix. These thin-film coatings localize damage and decrease penetration depth, thus improving the impact resistance of composite and brittle ceramic substrates. They could potentially be applied to structural materials in automotive and aerospace industries without adding significant weight.
K-4: Biodegradable Hotmelt Pressure Sensitive Adhesive: Amelia Heiner1; 1University of Utah
Hotmelt adhesives, whether they are used in construction applications or for pressure sensitive adhesives, are not biodegradable. The purpose of this study is to investigate sustainable, alternative materials that are biodegradable under non-specific environmental conditions in less than six months. This PSA must be able to bind for approximately six hours and be durable enough to withstand movement, as well as have the quality of being repositionable (repeatable peeling and unpeeling) while being removable without leaving adhesive residue behind. Our pressure sensitive adhesive formulations show promising results for biodegradation, melt viscosity, and peel strength. Through combining various bio-based polymers, replicating manufacturing conditions to apply the adhesive, and conducting peel strength and biodegradability testing, we hope that the pressure sensitive adhesive developed in this project will have applications in manufacturing of packaging materials and hygiene products.
K-5: Biodegradable Superabsorbent Polymers: Kaylon Draney1; Jeffrey Bates1; 1University of Utah
In addressing issues of plastic accumulation in the environment and negative impacts of plastic degradation, the development of biobased alternatives are crucial in solving these hazards. Single-use, disposable hygiene products, such as diapers and feminine hygiene, significantly contribute to plastic waste. These products often contain non-biodegradable, synthetic, superabsorbent polymers. In this research, biobased superabsorbent polymers have been designed and synthesized, using biological crosslinker and backbone components to create a hydrogel system, which absorbs water into the polymeric matrix. The hydrogels are synthesized using chitosan and sodium alginate as the backbone foundation and genipin as the crosslinker, which are all commonly found in nature. Through chemical ratio alteration, including the crosslinker to backbone ratio, the superabsorbent polymers successfully absorb and retain water. The characterization of the hydrogels, including the absorbance capacity, absorbance retention, performance under a load, and performance with ion presence, have proven that fully biological superabsorbent polymers are possible.
K-6: Biomedical Surface Treatment of Non-toxic Ti-Zr-Mo-Sn Shape Memory Alloys by Micro-arc Oxidation: Yeon-Wook Kim1; 1Keimyung University
The surface of non-toxic Ti-Zr-Mo-Sn shape memory alloys was modified by micro-arc oxidation treatment. A porous Ti oxide coating layer was formed on the Ti-Zr-Mo-Sn alloy and its crystal structure was analyzed as rutile phase. Both the thickness of the oxide layer and the pore size on the surface were strongly dependent on the applied voltage as well as the micro-arc oxidizing time during the oxidation treatment. When an applied voltage of 400 V had been applied for 5 minutes, the thickness of the oxide layer and the pore size were 0.66 nm and 100 nm, respectively. The thickness of the layer and the pore size keep increasing with increasing the applied voltage. The Ti oxide passive layer of the Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloy can attribute to the excellent biocompatibility, and the formation of nano-sized pores may maximize the interlocking between mineralized bone and the surface of the implant.
K-9: Effect of Nb, Zr and Ta Content on Properties of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-O: Kristian Salata1; Dalibor Preisler1; Lucie Bodnárová2; Petr Harcuba1; Miloš Janeček1; Josef Stráský1; 1Charles University, Department of Physics of materials; 2Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences
Biocompatible alloying system with different content of Ti, Nb, Ta and Zr has been thoroughly studied in last two decades. The sufficient ammount of β stabilizing elements enable the alloys to retain pure bcc beta phase after quenching from the beta region, what is cruitial for low Young’s modulus. Their tensile strength can be increased by adding high content of interstitial oxygen atoms. In contrast, due to high electron per atom ratio of oxygen, Young’s modulus also increases. In order to find the best alloy composition, several alloys with 0.7 wt.% of oxygen and different Nb, Ta and Zr content were designed and fabricated. Microstructure and phase composition were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties at room temperature were determined by microhardness measurements and tensile testing. Multiple compositions showing low Young’s modulus were found, while maintaining sufficient strength and ductility.
K-11: Impact Resistance for Wind Energy Blades Using Biomimetic Helicoidal Structure: Paige Romero1; Robin James1; David Kisailus1; Naresh Kakur1; 1University of California, Irvine
The blades of the wind turbine’s rotor are the key components to capture the wind energy and to transform it into electricity. To capture the maximum annual electricity production (AEP) of a wind turbine, manufacturers expose them to harsh environments with extreme conditions. Impacts, erosion, delamination, UV exposure, hot/cold temperatures, lighting strikes, ice, hailstones, etc. all reduce the overall aerodynamical efficiency of the rotor. Changing the rotor blades to the helicoid architecture achieves a significant weight reduction which allows increased blade size and results in a reduced leveraged cost of energy. Ultra-strong composite architecture enhances performance of all parts designed for toughness and impact resistance while achieving weight savings. The anti-impact design of composite laminates is bioinspired from the helicoidal structure, a process that forms naturally in in the shells of mantis shrimp crustaceans. They have been found to be able to bear higher loads than conventional laminate configurations.
K-12: Preliminary Characterization of the Structure and Composition of Brazilian Cattle Hooves for Bioinspiration: Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra1; Benjamin Lazarus2; Fernanda Santos da Luz1; Ulisses Oliveira Costa1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; Fabio da Costa Garcia Filho1; 1Military Institute Of Engineering - Ime; 2UCSD
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the composition and structure of hooves from Brazilian cattle specimens, as well as the influence of water content on their structure. Water absorption, FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques were used to preliminarily analyze hooves’ composition and structure. Results showed both proximal and distal regions of the hoof wall present a maximum water intake of ~22 wt.%, after 3 days of immersion in distilled water. FTIR spectra showed characteristic peaks of amides A, I, II, and III, which are all present in the structure of α-keratin. XRD spectra presented broad peaks (~9.6 Ĺ; ~4.2 Ĺ), which are associated with the pitch in the α-keratin helical structure, and an increase in d spacing was observed with the increase in water content (from ~4.2 to ~4.5 Ĺ). SEM images revealed a hierarchical structure divided into zones with different tubule shapes and sizes.
K-13: Reinforced Freeze-cast Structures Using Uniform Magnetic Fields: Josh Fernquist1; Henry Fu1; Steven Naleway1; 1University of Utah
Manufacturing processes yielding stronger, yet cheaper structures are sought for in many industries and scientific application. Freeze casting is a fabrication process that offers a way to achieve these strong, cheap structures, but only in a single direction (the direction of the templating ice growth). Applying a uniform magnetic field to these structures allows one to achieve increased strength in an additional direction. A Helmholtz coil was used to apply weak, uniform fields in a wobbling mode (i.e., a stronger magnetic field in a single direction with a weaker oscillating field in an orthogonal direction) of various magnitudes of wobble during the fabrication of freeze-cast materials. These wobbling magnetic fields led to much more organized as well as stronger freeze-cast materials, compared to freeze cast materials with no magnetic field. These results led to higher performance and cheaper materials.