Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee
Program Organizers: Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; Zhiwei Peng, Central South University; Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC; Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University; Yunus Kalay, Middle East Technical University; Juan Escobedo-Diaz, University of New South Wales; John Carpenter, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Andrew Brown, Devcom Arl Army Research Office; Shadia Ikhmayies
Tuesday 5:30 PM
March 21, 2023
Room: Exhibit Hall G
Location: SDCC
Session Chair: Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC; Andrew Brown, Army Research Laboratory
L-10: Activating Components in Activated Alkali Paste of Metakaolin and Ceramic Waste: André Marques Junior1; Lucas Cruz1; Luis Tambara Júnior1; Markssuel Marvila1; Carlos Mauricio Vieira1; Sergio Monteiro2; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2IME
The use of Portland cement occurs on a large scale in civil construction. However, its use causes a great environmental impact by emitting a high level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. An eco-friendly alternative is the development of alkali activated materials (AAM), as it is not necessary to calcin the precursor materials for use and because they have a high gain of initial mechanical strength. Furthermore, it is possible to value industrial residues rich in silica and alumina in the compositions of AAM such as ceramic waste (CW), in addition to making use of reactive materials such as metakaolin (MK). This work shows the results achieved in microstructural and compressive strength tests. The aim was to optimize the dosage in pastes with different compositions between precursor materials and activator solution. Research results indicate the effectiveness replacing 30% MK with CW when compared to a paste composed of 100% MK.
L-11: An Innovative Instrument Determines Chemistry at the Scale of 3D Printing: Jonathan Putman1; Ellen Williams1; Peyton Willis1; 1Exum Instruments
This work demonstrates a new technology for chemical characterization and elemental mapping of metal materials, Laser Ablation Laser Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LALI-TOF-MS). The capabilities of LALI-TOF-MS were explored on a set of additive manufacturing powders and printed parts with an objective of identifying chemical heterogeneity for quality control. The system combines a dual-laser ionization source (LALI) with a TOF mass analyzer to directly analyze solid materials and generate a full mass spectrum at each laser shot. In this project, samples were analyzed using several raster areas ranging from 0.1mm^2 to 10mm^2 each and a laser spot size ranging from 15 to 150 microns. The resulting chemical maps revealed local chemistry variations, demonstrating the potential of LALI-TOF-MS for identifying heterogeneity in additive manufacturing feedstock and final parts. This capability is especially impactful for verifying final part consistency when printing recycled powders.
Analysis of Bioextracts from Fruits the Brazilian Amazon: Luana Demosthenes1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1Military Engineering Institute
The amount of fruits in the Brazilian Amazon region has a great variety. And within these varieties there are three well-known fruits around the world. They are açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart). The fruits went through a process to produce the bio-extracts. The seeds were produced with the extraction of ethanol and water in an ultrasound for a time of 30 min and then they were filtered and dried. Subsequently, the bioextracts were submitted to UV-Visible and Raman analyses. The data obtained present the expected characteristics for the samples such as the wavelength at 180 (wn) in the uv-vis analysis. And the D and G bands corresponding to the samples.
L-12: Analysis of the Performance of Cementitious Mortars Reinforced with Pineapple Crown Leaf Fiber and Coconut Fiber: Iully Pereira1; José Alexandre Linhares Junior1; Isabela Batista1; Karine Tavares1; Mariana Pereira1; Sergio Monteiro1; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
Natural fibers are renewable materials with high potential for reuse, being a possibility with low environmental impact for application in numerous environments. Pineapple and coconut are fruits consumed and produced in several countries. The peels of both fruits and the leaves of the pineapple crown are normally discarded by industries, generating waste, negatively impacting the environment. The present work seeks to discuss about cementitious mortars made from these fibers and their effects, in which pineapple crown leaf fiber and coconut fiber were used in the proportions of 1.5% and 3.0% and mortar of reference, in this way, its characteristics were analyzed and compared through tests of consistency, viscosity, compressive and flexural strength, density and capillarity absorption. The results showed the feasibility of using natural fibers in cement mortar, making it more sustainable.
L-13: Analysis of the Properties in the Fresh State of Alkali Activated Paste of Metakaolin and Flue Gas Desulfurization Waste: Davi Vaz Junior1; Leandro Oliveira1; Luis Tambara Júnior1; Markssuel Marvila2; Carlos Mauricio Vieira1; Sergio Monteiro3; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFV; 3IME
Activated alkali materials (AAMs) have been increasingly studied as a substitute for Portland cement, one of the most used materials in civil construction, which during its manufacture, emits a large amount of carbon dioxide. Activated alkali materials originate from one or more precursors, containing mainly alumina and silica, in addition to an activator with a high alkaline content. This work aims to analyze the properties in the fresh state of three pastes of AAMs with different proportions of metakaolin (MK) and flue gas desulfurization residue (FGD). The proportions are 100% MK, 90% MK and 10% FGD, 80% MK and 20% FGD. For each dosage, consistency index tests, incorporated air content and mass density in the fresh state were be carried out. The results show promisingly the potential for using FGD in AAMs folders, meeting the recommendations of the literature.
L-14: Analysis of the Properties in the Hardened State of an Alkali Activated Paste of Metakaolin and Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Residue: Leandro Oliveira1; Markssuel Marvila2; Davi Andre Junior1; Luís Tambara Júnior1; Carlos Muricio Vieira1; Sergio Monteiro3; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFV; 3IME
Alkali activated materials (AAMs) have been studied as an alternative to replace the high demand for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the construction industry, with the use of industrial by-products in order to reduce and recycle waste instead of disposal in landfills. The aim of the research will be to analyze the properties in the hardened state of an alkali activated paste of metakaolin (MK) and residue from the flue gas desulfurization (FGD). Samples of AAMs, with dosages of 100% MK, 90% MK and 10% FGD, 80% MK and 20% FGD, will be produced with a thermal cure of 6 days at 60 ºC in the oven. Subsequently, the specimens will be subjected to tests of compressive strength, bulk density in the hardened state, water absorption and void index at 7 and 28 days.
L-15: Characterization and Mechanical Behavior of Pineapple Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites: Jose Alexandre Linhares1; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; Iully Pereira1; Afonso Azevedo1; Sergio Monteiro2; Luís Tambara1; Markssuel Marvila3; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 3Universidade Federal de Viçosa - CRP
The cement industry is a protagonist in the current economy, however, it does not act in an environmentally sustainable way, given its high CO2 emission. In this context, geopolymer composites with the use of natural fiber reinforcement appear as part of a possible solution. The geopolymer is generally made with sources of aluminosilicates and an alkaline activator solution. There are various natural fibers that can be applied as reinforcement, this work aims to elucidate the use of fibers present in the pineapple crown. The fibers were treated in a 5% solution of NaOH, after the treatment they were characterized by XRD and SEM and then added in a geopolymer matrix in the proportions of 1.6% and 3.2%, on the metakaolin mass, in addition to the production of reference samples. The mechanical properties of the composites were positively evaluated through flexural and compressive strength tests.
L-16: Characterization and Thermal Behaviour of Different Type of Glassy Wastes: Carlos Fontes Vieira1; Victor Bicalho Gava1; Geovana Girondi Delaqua1; Rubén Sánchez1; Djalma Souza1; Juraci Aparecido Sampaio1; Agda Eunice de Souza2; Douglas Henrique Sales2; Silvio Rainho Teixeira1; 1State University of the North Fluminense; 2Universidade Estadual Paulista
Three types of glassy wastes have been investigated: bottle glass, glass-polishing sludge, and glass packaging. The waste material was crushed and screened at 325 mesh. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermo-gravimetry (TGA), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided information on their composition and physical properties. In addition, cylindrical samples of 2 cm diameter were mold pressed and fired at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000 ºC. We evaluated their technological properties as diametrical shrinkage, water absorption, and diametrical compression. SEM, Mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP), and XRD provided results of their microstructure. Results indicated that the investigated wastes are promising materials for use in many applications such as vitroceramic, foam, tiles, countertops, and flux material for silicate ceramics.
L-17: Characterization of Açaí Fibers (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) for Application in Cement Composites: Tulane Silva1; Paulo Matos2; Luis Tambara Júnior1; Markssuel Marvila3; Sergio Monteiro1; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFSM; 3UFV
The waste generated by agro-industry has been highlighted through reuse in the construction sector, including açaí fibers. Natural fibers have been used in the production of alternative materials, such as cement-based composites. The objective of this work was to characterize the açaí fibers and evaluate the choice of the adequate chemical treatment to improve the fiber-matrix adhesion in view of its application in mortars. Chemical treatments (NaOH, CaOH2) were performed for 60min and technological tests for chemical (DRX, EDX) and morphological (SEM) characterization of the raw and treated fibers. The results showed that the fibers have an irregular shape and lignin and hemicellulose networks on their surface and a higher presence of silica. As for the fiber treatment, NaOH was the most important, which promoted the removal of most of the amorphous constituents such as hemicellulose, lignin and waxes of the fibers, also causing an increase in their roughness
L-18: Characterization of Aged and Recycled Metal Powder Feedstocks by LALI-TOF-MS: Madeline Martelles1; Jonathan Putman2; Peyton Willis2; 1University of Tulsa; 2Exum Instruments
As the additive manufacturing industry grows metal powder reuse, which reduces both cost and waste, becomes ever more important. Understanding how chemical processes, such as oxidation, change the elemental/chemical composition of a feedstock is critical to predict a final part’s mechanical and corrosive properties. This project examined several metal powder feedstock materials including virgin, reused, and artificially aged powders. Characterization by laser ablation laser ionization mass spectrometry (LALI-TOF-MS) revealed changes in both total oxygen and oxides detected after aging. Results also compare different types of metal feedstocks, some of which required more aggressive aging strategies before compositional changes were observed. Larger intensities of oxide peaks were observed on the aged powder samples. The varying concentrations of oxygen and oxides gives rise to determining the quality of the powders being used and their mechanical properties in the additive manufacturing process.
L-19: Characterization of Artificial Stone with Quartizitic Sand and with the Incorporation of Steel Residue: Tatiane Silva1; Maria Luiza Gomes1; Elaine Carvalho1; Gabriela Barreto1; Sérgio Monteiro2; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia
The artificial stone is a material made of stone aggregates and other minerals agglomerated by a polymeric resin. However, aiming at both sustainability and economy, several studies have produced artificial stones with industrial wastes to reduce the product’s final cost and help the environment. Brasil is a big steel producer, generating a lot of waste. The main powders generated by the steel industry are electric steelworks dust and blast furnace . Blast furnace dust is also known as "pó balão" or charcok, and is mainly composed of metallic oxides and carbonaceous materials. This work aims at producing artificial stones with high purity material (pure quartz) and comparing it with artificial stones with 17% steel industry waste, in order to analyze the physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Both stones presented good performance but, the results showed that the stone with residue had superior properties compared to the with only pure quartz.
Characterization of Flotation and Leaching in Cyanide and Thiourea Medium of a Gold, Silver and Copper Ore: Martín Reyes Pérez1; Iván Alejandro Reyes Domínguez2; Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero3; Elia Guadalupe Palacios Beas4; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; Aislinn Michelle Teja Ruiz1; Ian Medina Estrada1; 1Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo; 2Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí; 3Technological University of Tulancingo; 4National Polytechnic Institute
High-grade gold ores are generally associated with iron, copper, silver sulfides, among other species that during dissolution consume the leaching agent, causing a decrease in the leaching rate. In this work, the flotation, and the comparison of the leaching with cyanide and thiourea (TU) of an ore rich in Au, Ag and Cu were studied. The flotation was carried out with 100 and 200 mesh particles at pH 6.53, and Eh of 253 mV, frother MIBC and xanthate 60 and 100 mg/l respectively. The concentrate was leached with 0.2 M thiourea at pH 1.5 and separately with 2000 PPM free cyanide at pH 11.1. In the system containing cyanide, 19.7 %, 22.8 % and 15.4 % of Au, Ag and Cu of recovery were obtained, respectively, while in the system with only TU 14.36 %, 15.75 % and 10.75 % extraction.
L-20: Characterization of Glass Polishing Sludge Waste to Produce Clayey Rustic Floor Tiles: Carlos Fontes Vieira1; Henry Colorado Lopera2; Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo1; Geovana Girondi Delaqua1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1State University of the North Fluminense; 2University of antioquia
The kaolinitic clays are known by their refractory behavior with elevated porosity after the firing stage. In the present work, the incorporation of up to 30 wt% of a sludge waste from the polishing of cutted glass plates into a typical kaolinitic clay body was evaluated. The raw materials were characterized by XRD, XRF, particle size distribution and DTA/TGA techniques. Specimens were extruded and fired at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1100°C. The technological properties were evaluated in terms of water absorption, linear shrinkage, and flexural rupture strength. The microstructure of the ceramics was evaluated by SEM. The results indicated that the waste incorporation improved both the ceramic water absorption and the mechanical strength. Finally, this work indicated that clayey rustic floor tiles production is a viable and technically advantageous alternative for recycling this type of waste, also bringing real benefits to the quality of ceramics.
Characterization of the Dissolution of Gold and Silver Contained in a High-grade Mineral Concentrate using Thiourea: Martín Reyes Pérez1; Arleth Martínez Escamilla1; David Ponce Vergara1; Iván Alejandro Reyes Domínguez1; Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero2; Elia Guadalupe Palacios Beas3; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; 1Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo; 2Technological University of Tulancingo; 3National Polytechnic Institute
For several decades, attempts have been made to replace cyanide with the reagent thiourea (TU) to reduce the impact on the environment, however, cyanide continues to be the reagent most used industrially, and this is partly due to the higher consumption of TU during leaching. Nevertheless, the use of thiourea could be justified for the leaching of gold and silver from high-grade ores. In this work, a mineral concentrate of gold and silver was characterized by XRD as well as the leaching solutions in their concentration of gold, and silver, by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of leaching in a system only with TU with 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 M. show a higher percentage of Au and Ag leaching at a lower concentration of TU (0.2 M), In just 15 minutes of leaching, 88 and 59% of gold and silver dissolution are obtained, respectively.
Chemical Characterization of Filin-kokuwa Gold Deposit in North-east Nigeria: Markus Bwala1; Furqan Abdulfattah1; Oladunni Alabi2; Suleiman Hassan1; 1Nigerian Institute of Mining and Geosciences (NIMG), Jos.; 2Federal University of Technology, Akure
Discovering new gold deposits is without a doubt, pertinent to meet increasing demand for precious mineral like gold. Characterization is done to ascertain the presence of Gold in the Filin-kokuwa deposit. Characterization was carried out using Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED-XRF), and Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results revealed that Filin - Kokuwa gold ore approximately assayed 15 ppm Au, It was observed from the result that the ore contains 66.5% SiO2, 7.37% K2O, 3.16% CaO, 0.0015% Au, and others. Further qualitative analysis revealed non-equiaxial mineral grains (light grey), unevenly distributed across the dark-grey ore matrix. This study therefore, established that the deposit contains Gold ore and be a potential source of Gold exploitation in Nigeria.
Comparative Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Pressed and Burned Ceramic Block Prisms with and without Grouting: Niander Cerqueira1; Afonso Azevedo2; Victor Souza3; Jonas Alexandre2; Gustavo Xavier2; 1Centro Universitário Redentor; 2UENF; 3Marinha do Brazil
The red ceramic blocks produced by pressing and burning, called PBB (pressed and burned blocks) have been studied with the aim of making it possible to use this new type of material in the execution of structural masonry works. PBB grouted and non grouted prisms were evaluated for compressive strength and deformability. Two types of grout were used, the conventional one containing cement, sand, lime and gravel, trace by volume (1:2:1:1), and the light type with cement, lime, sand, expanded clay and air incorporation, trace by volume (1:1:2:1:0.15). The results indicate that the use of grout enables the use of PBB blocks in medium and small works, with an average strength of 2.54 N/mm2 for non-grouted, 3.15 N/mm2 for blocks with conventional grout ( approximate gain of 24% in strength) and 3.01 N/mm2 with lightweight grout (approximate gain of 19% in strength).
Construction Waste in Replacement of Aggregate in Concrete Production: Niander Cerqueira1; Victor Souza1; Afonso Azevedo2; 1Centro Universitário Redentor; 2UENF
Civil construction is a sector of extreme impact in the generation of waste, and construction waste (CW) is a large part of the total mass of urban solid waste in a medium and large city. In the present research, concrete traces were produced using Construction waste (CW) in partial and total replacement of fine aggregates in order to reduce, recycle and reuse this large amount of waste. The concrete was produced with CPII cement, with a volume ratio of 3:2:1 (sand, zero gravel and cement). Different traces were produced with construction waste instead of sand, in the proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (0R, 25R, 50R, 75R and 100R). The results obtained indicate good quality of the different concrete mixes with the use of construction residues, verifying quality service and good resistance, according to statistical criteria (ANOVA and Weibull).
L-22: Creep Behavior at 600 °C of 5Cr-0.5Mo Steel: Maribel Saucedo-Muñoz1; Shin-Ichi Komazaki2; Victor Lopez-Hirata1; 1Instituto Politecnico Nacional-ESIQIE; 2Kagoshima University
The creep strength of 5Cr-0.5Mo steel was determined at 600 °C and 78-170 MPa, as well as its relation to the microstructural changes during the creep tests. The microstructural characterization showed that the creep tests were conducted under the presence of a mixture of both intergranular and intragranular M7C3 and M23C6 carbides dispersed in the ferrite matrix. The n exponent of Norton-Bailey law suggested that the creep deformation process occurred through the ferrite grains, which conducted to a transgranular ductile- fracture mode after creep testing. The creep strength of this steel is directly related to the average radius and number density of carbides present during the test.
L-23: DMA Analysis of a Novel Epoxy Matrix Reinforced with Cyperus malaccensis: Lucas Neuba1; Thuane Teixeira1; Matheus Ribeiro1; Raí1; Andressa1; Artur Camposo1; Sergio Neves1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
Searching for high-resistance, low cost and low environmental impact materials has been one of the focuses of material engineering since its foundation. As a solution for that problem, natural sedge fibers might be a good reinforcement compound for polymeric matrices, while being sustainable and easy to obtain. To the scientific community, there is the work of listing and testing different sedge fibers, while taking notes on its properties. In this paper, Cyperus malaccensis fibers were tested as epoxy matrix reinforcement, in volume percentages of 0, 10, 20 and 30% . Using the DMA method, data on storage modulus and loss modulus as a function of temperature from the 4 samples of composite was collected. It was possible to make inferences about the elastic and fluid behaviors of the composites and it was concluded that the Cyperus malaccensis fibers do not act as a reinforcement.
L-24: Durability of Alkali Activated Tiles Produced with Residual Gray from the Ceramic Industry: Ariana Cruz1; Luis Tambara Júnior1; Markssuel Marvila2; Carlos Mauricio Vieira1; André Marques Junior1; Sergio Monteiro3; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFV; 3IME
Alkali activated materials present themselves as a viable solution to reduce the consumption of Portland cement and incorporation industrial waste. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical behavior of activated alkali materials, with the insertion of ash from ceramic industries, in the face of durability tests. Specimens were produced with 0 and 10% incorporating waste and were submitted to curing for 7 and 28 days. Tests were carried out compressive strength, water absorption and durability (wetting and drying and salt attack cycles). The masses of the specimens were measured every day during the durability cycles to evaluate the loss of mass. Furthermore, the mechanical strengths of the samples were evaluated before and after the durability tests, to analyze the influence of the tests on the mechanical behavior of the alkali activated material. The results showed an adequate behavior of these materials regarding their durability.
L-25: Eco-friendly Mortar with Partial Replacement of the Fine Aggregate by Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Isabela Batista1; Karine Tavares1; Mariana Pereira1; Iully Pereira1; Jonas Alexandre1; Sergio Monteiro2; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2IME
The planet has been facing several environmental problems, most of which come from civil construction waste, which, in addition to being a major polluting source, still requires a large amount of raw materials removed from the environment. In order to minimize these damages, the present work aims to reduce the extraction of sand from river beds and reduce the incorrect disposal of packaging produced with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) through the partial replacement of the fine aggregate by PET in the production of mortars. Prismatic specimens were be produced with curing in 28 days of 25°C and partial replacement of 10, 20 and 30% of the natural sand by the waste. Tests were performed on consistency, viscosity, density, mechanical streght and capillarity will be performed tests. The results showed that the partial replacement of natural sand by PET is feasible, despite some observed viscosity losses, making this mortar more ecological.
Effect of Fly Ash as Additive or Substitute for Portland Cement on the Initial Absorption of Concrete Blocks (Vibro–compacted): Hugo Garcia Ortiz1; Edgar Martinez Rojo1; Julio Juárez Tapia1; Martín Reyes Pérez1; Aislinn Teja Ruiz1; 1Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo
During this investigation, the effect of fly ash as an additive or substitute for Portland cement on the initial absorption of concrete blocks (Vibro-compacted) is reported. For comparison, a standard specimen was manufactured with Portland cement without any substitution or addition of fly ash, this standard with an initial absorption coefficient of 24.2 g/(cm2 x min. 5), was compared with four specimens with a replacement or addition of fly ash. With this reference parameter, they were compared with the modified specimens, the first 15% of fly ash was added, reaching an initial absorption coefficient of 26.1 g/(cm2 x min.5) to the last three Portland cement was partially replaced in 15, 30 and 50% by fly ash with an initial absorption coefficient of 17.0, 19.5 and 22.6 g/(cm2 x min.5) respectively. The physical tests were carried out under the ONNCCE regulations.
L-26: Evaluation of Coating Mortars with the Addition of Natural and Treated Açaí Seed (Euterpe Oleracea Mart): Gabriel Monteiro1; Markssuel Marvila1; Roman Fediuk2; Sergio Monteiro3; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2Far Eastern Federal University; 3IME
The açaizeiro is a palm tree found on a large scale in the northern region of Brazil, one of the main non-timber forest products with great economic potential. However, residues, which represent about 85% of the total fruit, cause a serious environmental problem, since about 365 tons of açaí seeds are discarded daily, with no provision for reuse. This research studies the feasibility of adding these residues to the coating mortars through the partial replacement of sand, in 10% of the mass. Six compositions were used, one being a reference (trace 1:3) and the others with the presence of the residue. The mortars were subjected to several tests in the plastic and hardened state. It is concluded that the addition of the seed in all compositions generates a reduction in mechanical strength, on the other hand improves several properties in the fresh state, which is positive for the proposed application
Evaluation of Different Treatment Methods of Natural Açaí Fibers (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) for Cement Composites: Diego Rocha1; Markssuel Marvila2; Daiane Cecchin3; Maria Carollina Silva1; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFV; 3UFF
The use of natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLF) favors a series of technological properties when used in cementitious composites. Brazil, due to its climatic and geographical characteristics, has an abundant variety of natural fibers that can be used for this purpose. The objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of different mortars in the hardened state reinforced with the addition of açaí fiber, subjected to different methodologies of surface treatment, such as immersion in a solution of sodium, potassium and calcium hydroxides at a concentration of 10% of hydroxide. in relation to the mass of water. Mortars with a dosage of 1:3 (cement: sand) were made to reinforce structures with additions of 0% (reference), 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% of the açaí fiber, in relation to the mass. of cement. The results were analyzed by statistical tests and demonstrated that the treatments with potassium hydroxide (KOH) showed the best results.
L-27: Evaluation of Fique Fabric Compatibility with Non-newtonian Liquid: Sergio Monteiro1; Michelle Oliveira1; André Figueiredo1; Murilo Narciso1; Arthur Trentin1; Marco Campanha1; Francisco Nazário1; Levy Ribeiro1; Ivo Lin1; Andressa Teixeira1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
The preset work investigated the compatibility of natural fabric with two different shear thickening fluids (STF) through ballistic tests. The natural fabric used is made of fiber fibers and non-Newtonian liquids produced from Alumina powder (Al2O3) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) powder, both homogenized with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Non-Newtonian liquid samples were prepared in different ways; with and without the natural-fiber fabric, and in a manual and mechanized way, in order to determine a relationship between the preparation method and the properties of the final material. After the preparation of the samples, the ballistic test was carried out, and the energy absorbed by the material was measured, allowing, then, an analysis of the results on which sample presented better performance under ballistic impact.
L-28: Evaluation of the Degradation Effects of Durability Cycles in Geopolymer Mixtures with Glass Waste Incorporation: Lucas Cruz1; Ariana Cruz1; Markssuel Marvila2; Luis Tambara Júnior1; Sergio Monteiro3; Carlos Mauricio Vieira1; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFV; 3IME
Following the trend of improvement and evolution that the advancement of technology, several sustainable materials arise. From this, the current research develops a geopolymeric mixture with the incorporation of waste glass, given the high strength gain capacity of geopolymer materials, eliminating the need to burn artifacts as in ceramics. Thus, mixtures of SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios fixed at 3.0 and 3.5 with 10% incorporation of waste glass. Water absorption and mechanical strength to compression tests were carried out. In addition, in order to simulate the exposure conditions of the material, durability tests were carried out through wetting and drying cycles and saline attack, evaluating the loss of mass and mechanical strength. The results of the water absorption test showed that the glass residue considerably reduced the water absorption of the materials, presenting reductions of up to 63%. Durability tests by saline attack showed interactions of the salt with the geopolymer matrix.
L-29: Evaluation of the Durability of Adobe Bricks Made with Cattle Manure: Marina Brito1; Samuel Dutra Jr.1; Afonso Azevedo2; Markssuel Marvila1; 1Universidade Federal de Viçosa - CRP; 2Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
In recent decades, the development of new building materials that meet technological, economic, and environmental criteria, especially those that use alternative raw materials or new production methodologies, have become increasingly necessary. In this context, adobe bricks, known for decades in the field of civil construction, proved to be great models of experimentation, since they result from an adequate mixture of soil, sand and natural fibers, apart from also air drying, with no need for calcination. In this work, cattle manure was used as an alternative of natural fiber for the development of adobe bricks, in the levels of 5%, 10% and 15%, to analyze which, one would be ideal. The use of cattle manure in the development of adobe bricks is based on the notion of sustainability, given that this waste is normally disposed of in an improper way, apart from being less polluting than the chemical-industrial fibers. In search for the composition that best meets the regulatory requirements of civil construction, the effects of corrective materials such as Portland cement and hydrated lime were also evaluated, as the main disadvantage of using cattle manure is related to its low durability in places with high humidity. Thus, through this work, we sought to evaluate the durability of adobe blocks, with the proposed formulations, through wetting and drying cycles. In conclusion, it was noticed that the temporal degradation mechanisms of the adobe blocks made of cattle manure could be reduced using corrective materials, stabilizing their durability.
L-30: Evaluation of the Impact of the Incorporation of Pineapple Crown Particles on the Compressive Properties of Composites: Jose Alexandre Linhares1; David Velasco1; Afonso Azevedo1; Felipe Lopes1; Sergio Monteiro1; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; Markssuel Marvila2; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2Universidade Federal de Viçosa - CRP
Due to pineapple production, the amount of crown residue of this fruit is significant in Brazil. This material has been studied as reinforcement in materials especially when in fiber format. However another part of waste consists of particulates. This work aims to evaluate the technological feasibility of using these particulates as reinforcement/filler in polymer matrix composites, having as a reference their compressive strength. The matrix used was a Diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA)/triethylene-tetramine (TETA) system, with a stoichiometric ratio of 20 phr. The formulations evaluated consist of the 0, 25, 50 and 100 percentiles of the maximum volume in which it was possible to incorporate the particulates. The test was performed using the Instron Model 5582, according to the ASTM D695-15. The results presented demonstrated the variation in the behavior of the material as a function of the amount of charge, as well as the technological feasibility of its incorporation.
Fabrication and Structural Analysis of BaTiO3 Based Solid Solutions Codoped with La3+ and Bi 3+: María Inés Valenzuela Carrillo1; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Ricardo Martínez López1; José Antonio Romero Serrano2; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; Martin Reyes Pérez1; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; Aurelio Hernández Ramírez2; Gustavo Urbano Reyes1; 1Autonomous University of Hidalgo State; 2National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico
The structural evolution of solid solutions BaTiO3-type doped with La3+ and Bi 3+ was investigated. The samples were prepared according to the formula Ba1-3xLa2xTi1-3xBi4xO3 for the compositions x = 0.0, 0.001, 0.0015, and 0.002 of La3+ and Bi 3+ (wt. %) and were synthesized by the ball milling method. Then, the powder mixture was sintered with a thermal ramp of 4°C/min for 5 hours and maintained at 1200°C for 5 more hours. The structural properties of synthesized doped BaTiO3 were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis of XRD patterns revealed the presence of tetragonal BaTiO3(96-150-7757) and allowed to calculate the lattice parameters (a, c) for each composition. The volume of the unit cell decreased for the x>0.0 compositions in comparison to pure BaTiO3 which can be attributed to the addition of the ions La3+ and Bi 3+ in the BaTiO3 structure.
L-31: Fundamental Study on Wettability of Pure Metal for Water –Theoretical Approach –: Jun-Ichi Saito1; Yohei Kobayashi2; Hideo Sibutani3; 1Japan Atomic Energy Agency; 2National Institute of Technology, Maizuru College; 3Kurume Institute of Technology
Wettability of metal by liquid sodium has been studied to understand and control the wettability. As part of this study, the wettability of metal by water was investigated by experiment and electron theory. The electronic states of interface between water and pure metal was calculated using the cluster models of pure metal and water. The DV-X method was utilized for this calculation. Nine kinds of pure metal were selected as the substrate metal. An electronic density of state of interface was similar to that of bulk metal. In all the substrate metal the strength of atomic bonding between water and substrate metal atom was weaker than that between substrate metal atoms. Furthermore it was weaker than that between sodium and substrate metal atom calculated in our previous study. It is considered that this calculation result is related the different of contact angle with metal between water and liquid sodium.
L-32: Fundamental Study on Wettability of Pure Metal for Water - Experimental Approach -: Jun-Ichi Saito1; Yohei Kobayashi2; 1Japan Atomic Energy Agency; 2National Institute of Technology, Maizuru College
The purpose of this study deeply understands of wettability from the relationship between the contact angle and the atomic bond of the interface by using the result of theoretical calculation. As the substrate metal, nine kinds of pure metals and alloys were used. All of the contact angle were smaller than 90 degrees. It means the wettability of water with metal is good. The contact angle results have been evaluated using the bond order, which shows the strength of atomic interaction at the interface. For liquid metals and metals, the contact angle could be explained by the atomic bond at the interface. It was found that there is a good correlation between the contact angle and the atomic bond without contradictory to Young's equation even if the atomic bond at the interface is used. This suggests that it is possible to predict the wettability of an unknown metal with water.
Impact Resistance of Aluminum Foam Against High-energy Ammunition: Fabio Garcia Filho1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
Aluminum alloys have always been considered essential materials for engineering applications. Properties such as low density, high ductility, thermal and electrical conductivity characteristics as well as good mechanical resistance make this metal suitable for a variety of industries. Aluminum foam is used when a light metal with a great amount of porosity is necessary and during the last decade, some research has been carried out regarding the energy absorption of this kind of material. In this work, an aluminum foam was produced and morphologically characterized by SEM analysis. Ballistic tests were performed with high velocity 7.62mm ammunition, in order to determine the amount of energy absorbed by the material. Results were compared with bulk aluminum alloy, and it was observed a higher specific energy absorption by the aluminum foam. It was proposed that such behavior might be associated with pores closing after the ballistic test.
L-33: Influence of the Time of Staining Agents on Ornamental Rocks: Bianca Maciel1; Evanizis Frizzera1; Thuany Lima2; Niander Cerqueira2; Marcelo Barreto3; Sergio Monteiro2; Carlos Mauricio Vieira2; Afonso Azevedo2; 1IFES; 2Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 3IFF
The characterization of ornamental rocks has the purpose of predicting the behavior of the rocks when exposed to various requests present in their place of application, seeking to know the feasibility of using the material. The objective of this work is to analyze the staining of the rocks after variations in exposure times. Four types of rocks were selected for the test: Dallas White, São Gabriel Black, Castelo Grey and Siena White. The staining agents chosen were: lemon, oil, coffee, steel sponge and detergent, bleach and degreaser. As a result, it was noticed that the stains caused were more evident and accentuated as the time of exposure of the rocks to the staining agents increased, developing more accentuated and permanent stains.
Interlocking Concrete Block Paving with Added Green Sand Waste: Niander Cerqueira1; Afonso Azevedo2; Victor Souza3; 1Centro Universitário Redentor; 2UENF; 3Marinha do Brazil
In the casting process it is common to use green sand, as it is a simple and cheap molding technique that leads to the generation of a significant amount of waste after demolding the manufactured part. The objective of this work is to use this residue for the production of interlocking concrete block paving (paver), using the percentages of 5, 15 and 25% of the residue in the mixture in substitution. The compressive strength and water absorption were analyzed, according to the Brazilian standard NBR 9781/2013, comparing the results considering paver with and without the use of green sand residue. The results achieved for paver with 5% of residue proved to be more efficient, although the others also presented acceptable behavior, being this new product an alternative to mitigate the environmental liability of this residue, being able to reduce the final cost of the product and the consumption of feedstock.
L-34: Izod Impact Characterization of Engineered Artificial Stone Reinforced by Arapaima Gigas Fish Scales: Elaine Costa1; Rafael Miranda1; Noan Simonassi1; Maria Luiza Gomes1; Henry Colorado1; Sérgio Neves Monteiro1; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
The reinsertion of waste on the production chain can be cited as one, among many other environmentally friendly solutions. This method can be responsible in a waste generated and cost reduction. Therefore, the present work main goal was to evaluate the influence of young arapaima gigas fish scales reinforcing engineered artificial stone made with rock ground obtained as a waste reinforcing epoxy matrix. As an adult the arapaima gigas, also known as “pirarucu” fish produce large hard scales to fend off predators and can represent a good sustainable source of material. The artificial stone was processed by vacuum under pressure together with vibration methodology. During the polymer curing an aligned “bed” of scales was added as reinforcement and its influence was observed by Izod impact tests. The results have shown the increase in impact resistance promoted by the scales mostly associated with changes in crack propagation
L-35: Magnetic and Structural Properties of Cu1-xCoxFe2O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by a Modified Solgel Method: Imaddin Al-Omari1; Smitha Bhaskaran2; Veena Gopalan E.2; 1Sultan Qaboos University; 2Vimala College
A series of Cobalt substituted copper ferrite (Cu1-xCoxFe2O4) nanoparticles (x=0.0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1) are prepared by a modified sol-gel auto combustion method. The structural analysis carried out by the X-ray powder diffraction technique shows a structural transition from tetragonal (space group I41/amd) to cubic (space group Fd3m) phase is exhibited with the substitution of Cu2+ by Co2+. The crystallite size of samples varies from 18-32nm while an increase in the lattice parameter is observed with cobalt substitution. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements have been performed using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) at 300K and 5K over a field range of ±100kOe. Saturation magnetization shows an increasing pattern with cobalt concentration and attains a maximum value 76.13 emu/g and 82.528 emu/g for x=0.8 sample at 300K and 5K The variation of coercivity and magnetocrystalline anisotropy have been studied and the correlation between these parameters are investigated.
L-36: Mechanical and Rheological Characterization of Cement Pastes with Marble Dust Waste: Karine Tavares1; Isabela Batista1; Mariana Pereira1; Iully Pereira1; Gustavo Xavier1; Sergio Monteiro2; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2IME
The manufacturing process of materials used in civil construction generates large-scale waste. In order to create a solution that can alleviate this problem, it was proposed to use the marble dust waste as a partial replacement of the cement that will be used in the production of cement paste. Specimens will be made with replacement proportions of 10 and 20% of the cement, observed for a period of 28 days, in order to evaluate their strengths (at 7 days and at 28 days), with the objective of carrying out tests of index of consistency, viscosity and compressive strength. The results obtained through these tests were allow the analysis of mechanical properties, as well as workability characteristics, setting time of the paste and the verification of the influence of the partial replacement of the marble waste in the cement paste in the hardened state.
L-37: Mechanical Behavior of Geopolymer Matrix Composites with the Addition of Steel Fibers: Jose Alexandre Linhares1; Samuel Azevedo1; Afonso Azevedo1; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; Sergio Monteiro2; Luís Tambara1; Markssuel Marvila3; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 3Universidade Federal de Viçosa - CRP
Today's society has a growing demand for Portland cement, however, the production of clinker uses a high amount of energy and releases a large volume of greenhouse gases. The search for more sustainable production processes has permeated several sectors of academy and industries, in this context, geopolymers have been widely studied as an alternative proposal to conventional cement. Steel fibers are an important reinforcement for high mechanical performance concretes and mortars. In this work, composites were prepared with a geopolymeric mortar matrix, reinforced with 1.5% and 3.0% of steel fiber, in relation to the mass of metakaolin used as precursor element. Studies were carried out on the gain of mechanical properties, with compression and flexural strength. In addition to the mechanical properties, water absorption and density tests in the hardened state were performed. The tests showed good properties of the composites produced.
L-38: Mechanical Properties of Silica Fume-based Mortars Alkaline Activated by NaOH: Pedro Henrique Caldas1; Afonso Azevedo2; Markssuel Marvila1; 1Universidade Federal de Viçosa - CRP; 2Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
It is known that the use of Portland cement is essential for civil construction in all countries of the world, however, it is well known that this material is highly harmful to the environment. That said, the development of new binders such as activated alkali cement (AAC), produced from silica fume and activated by sodium hydroxide, opens the door to the study of less polluting and harmful materials. The results obtained in this research indicate the feasibility of using this material as a substitute for conventional binders.
Microstructural Evolution of the CoCrFeNiMo0.2 High Entropy Alloy under Different Annealing Conditions: Fabio Garcia Filho1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
High-entropy alloys have been considered a hot topic since their first report in the beginning of the 21st century. Their microstructural stability and mechanical properties were showed to be remarkable even at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, we investigate the effect of different annealing treatments in the microstructure and hardness of a CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy. The alloy was subjected to annealing temperatures ranging from 600 – 900 ˚C for 12h followed by water quenching. The as-cast alloy exhibits single fcc phase structure, however, under certain annealing conditions it was possible to verify the precipitation of hard intermetallic phases in both grains and at the grain boundaries simultaneously. Resulting in the strengthening of the HEA which was verified by the increase of Vickers microhardness. Morphological aspect of such precipitates was assessed by SEM and EDS. Furthermore, lattice distortion has been by line broadening from X-ray diffraction (XRD).
L-39: Microstructure Analysis of Trip Fe-1.39Si-2.57Mn-0.17C Steel: Victor Lopez-Hirata1; Maribel Saucedo-Muñoz1; Brena Sandoval-Reyes1; Jose Villegas-Cardenas1; Felipe Hernandez-Santiago1; Hector Javier Dorantes-Rosales1; 1Instituto Politecnico Nacional-ESIQIE
In this work, the phase transformations were studied during the intercritical treatment in a TRIP steel with chemical composition of Fe-1.39Si-2.57Mn-0.17C. Steel specimens were heated in the intercritical region, ferrite and austenite, at 750 ° C for 30 min, quenched in water without agitation, and normalized by air cooling. Microstructural analysis was performed by optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, and by X-ray diffraction. All samples were mechanically characterized by uniaxial tension and Rockwell tests. Microstructural and phase analysis was also carried out with the Thermo-Calc software. The microstructural characterization results showed that the phases and microconstituents were ferrite, austenite, cementite, and austenite, Thermo-Calc results are consistent with the phases and microconstituents found for each heat treatment condition. On the other hand, the results of the tension test showed that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are between 763-817 MPa, and 1196-1255 MPa, respectively, for these steels.
L-40: Performance Evaluation of Pineapple Crown Fibers (Ananas Comosus) in Cementitious Composites: Samuel Malafaia1; Tulane Rodrigues1; Luis Tambara Junior1; José Alexandre Linhares Junior1; Iully1; Sergio Monteiro2; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2IME
Brazil has been standing out in the agroindustrial production in which large volumes of waste are generated. Natural fibers have been studied in different composites, especially cementitious. This research aimed to evaluate fibers from the pineapple crown for their application in coating mortars. The residue was submitted to wetting and drying cycles and, were treated in variable parameters: reagent concentration (5% and 10%), exposure time to chemical attack (30 min and 60 min), and type of reagent (NaOH and Ca (OH) 2 ). The fibers were incorporated with 1.5% in relation to the mass of cement of the produced mortar and compared with the reference mortar (0%), which were evaluated in the fresh state. It was found that the treatment with NaOH was the one that most degraded the external surface of the fiber and the produced mortars showed satisfactory performance, thus contributing to the development of alternative materials.
Performance of Amazonian Titica Vine Fibers in Pull-out tests: Juliana Cunha1; Lucio Nascimento1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute of Engineering
Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NFLs) have become popular and successful alternatives to synthetic fibers as a reinforcing phase in polymer composites. NFLs have additional advantages, such as high specific strength and stiffness, light weight, biodegradability, availability to obtain from natural sources and lower cost. Composites reinforced with NFLs are present in various sectors of the industry, from civil construction to ballistic protection. The titica vine fiber (TVF) originally from the Amazon region and which little is known was investigated in the present research. The interface located between the natural fiber and the polymer matrix plays a fundamental role in the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, the pull-out test performed allowed the evaluation of the maximum pull-out stress, critical length and interfacial strength of the TVF in epoxy matrix composites. The results indicated an intermediate interfacial strength of the TVF/epoxy set, being compared to previously studied natural fibers.
L-41: Physicochemical and Environmental Features of Rice Husk Ash from Brazil to Use in Cement Materials: Anderson Muller1; Lisandro Simão1; Eduarda Fraga Olivo1; Afonso Azevedo2; Markssuel Marvila3; Carlos Mauricio Vieira2; Fabiano Raupp-Pereira1; 1UNESC; 2Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 3UFV
The rice beneficiation process annually produces tons of rice husk ash (RHA). In this work, RHA from companies in southern Brazil is characterized physically and chemically, seeking to apply them in cementitious materials. In addition, the waste was analyzed concerning the literature considering aspects related to its environmental characterization, generation data, recycling availability, and applicability in cementitious materials. The preliminary results of ash characterization demonstrate potential for use in cementitious materials. The ash has a high content of silica (amorphous) and crystalline phases, such as cristobalite. Regarding feasibility, maps of the generating companies and possible recipients of these residual materials in the study region confirm the proposed application. Using RHA in cementitious materials demonstrates an excellent alternative for sustainability and economic circularity in the study region.
Production of Natural Fiber Composites by Additive Manufacturing: Jullie Anne Sampaio1; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia
Natural fibers have several benefits in the composite materials industry as they comprise high mechanical properties, lowest possible cost, high availability and sustainability. Additive manufacturing is a technique widely used for the use of composites in the automotive, aerospace, civil construction and armoring sectors. Among the benefits of this technology are the low amount of material discarded after the process, the ability to reuse waste and savings in the manufacture of personalized products. In the study, the method of manufacturing 3D printing by stereolithography was used through the combination of liquid resin with powder of natural babassu lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement material in order to create composite plates intended for ballistic application. For this purpose, the objective was to carry out chemical, thermal and mechanical tests for the characterization of babassu powder in the construction of an object elaborated by 3D printing in layer by layer via selective laser sintering.
L-42: Production of Sustainable Artificial Stone from Granite Waste and Steel Waste and Polyurethane from Castor Oil: Maria Luiza Gomes1; José Lucas Lirio1; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; Sérgio Monteiro2; Elaine Carvalho1; Gabriela Barreto1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia
Reintroducing the generated waste to another production process is a sustainable alternative that reduces the ecological environmental impacts caused for them and enables the production of materials with good properties. The objective of this work was to produce an artificial stone from granite waste and the steel residue Flue Gas Dessulfurization (FGD) agglutinated by polyurethane from castor oil to be used as coating in construction. The particles were crushed and sieved into three granulometric ranges: coarse, medium and fine. Afterwards, the granulometric composition of larger packages for the production of stone was determined. Artificial stones in the dimensions of 100 x 10 x 10 mm were produced in a metalic mold using vibration, vaccum and campression. The results obtained proved the good mechanical performance of the stone within the expected ranges, low water absorption and apparent porosity, demonstrating its capacity.
Quality Assessment of Concrete Blocks for Structural Masonry Produced in the North and Northwest Region of The State of Rio De Janeiro: Niander Cerqueira1; Victor Souza2; Afonso Azevedo3; Jonas Alexandre3; Gustavo Xavier3; 1Centro Universitário Redentor; 2Marinha do Brasil; 3UENF
Structural masonry is a complete building system, with a high degree of rationality, fast and safe. However, there are still many low quality products being used in constructions in Brazil, and it is essential that care is taken so that the blocks comply with the normative specifications that guarantee quality, structural safety and stability of the walls. In the present work, the results of the evaluation of the characteristic compressive strength (fbk), water absorption and dimensions, according to NBR 6136/2014, of concrete blocks from five factories in the North and Northwest region of the State of Rio de Janeiro are presented. Several nonconformities were observed in the blocks, such as vertical cracks, disintegration, great weight variation and low strength, below 3,000 N/mm2. The results show the urgent need for stricter controls by the bodies responsible for inspection, with one of the factories only showing satisfactory results to ensure minimum quality.
L-43: Shine Behavior of Ornamental Rock Plates with the Reduction of Water Consumption in Polishing: Larissa Santos1; Evanizis Frizzera1; Thuany Lima2; Carlos Mauricio Vieira2; Sergio Monteiro3; Niander Cerqueira2; Marcelo Barreto4; Afonso Azevedo2; 1IFES; 2Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 3IME; 4IFF
The polishing process is an important phase in the processing of ornamental stones, through which it is possible to obtain materials with a high aesthetic standard, desired by the international market. This process requires good equipment and a constant flow of water, in order to provide higher quality products. A well-polished material has a higher level of shine and is valued more. Thus, the present work aimed to propose a reduction in the water flow during the polishing process to evaluate the feasibility of reducing water consumption while increasing the quality of the final product. To carry out the study, three types of rocks were chosen: Corumba Grey, Dallas White and Itabira Ochre. The experiments proved to be efficient and the quantitative analysis can be an important tool in obtaining a brighter final product and, also, an opportunity to save water.
Structural Characterization of Europium-doped BaTiO3 Obtained by Solid-state Reaction Synthesis: J. P. Hernández-Lara1; A. Hernández-Ramírez1; J. A. Romero-Serrano1; M. Pérez-Labra2; F. R. Barrientos-Hernández2; R. Martinez-Lopez2; M. I. Valenzuela-Carrillo2; 1ESIQIE-IPN; 2Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo
Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) based ceramic materials are widely used in the electroceramic industry. Conventional processing of these materials is primarily in high-temperature solid-state reactions between mixed oxides. To produce a better quality of the initial powder, factors such as the quality of raw materials, homogeneity of the mixture and the nature of the reaction atmosphere must be controlled. In this research, an analysis of BaTiO3-based ceramic products doped with Europium (Eu3+) will be carried out, by means of solid-state reaction synthesis. A review of the compositions (x = 0.007 and x = 0.01% by weight Eu3+) was carried out, grinding was carried out for 5 hours and the resulting powders were calcined at 900 °C and sintered at 1350 °C. The experimental results by x-ray diffraction showed the tetragonal BaTiO3 phase. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows the phase transition of BaTiO3 ceramics. Scanning electron microscopy results showed randomly round particles.
L-44: Study of Cement-based Mortars Reinforced with Guaruman Fibers in the Fresh State: Thuany Lima1; Leandro Oliveira1; Verônica Candido2; Alisson Rios2; Markssuel Marvila3; Sergio Monteiro4; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2UFPA; 3UFV; 4IME
Guaruman fiber is a natural lignocellulosic fiber (NFL) extracted from the stalk of an Amazon plant (Ishinosiphon Koern), in the northern region of Brazil. The present work investigates the addition of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt% of guaruman fiber, into cement for a reference mortar. The fibers were mercerized in NaOH solution for improved adhesion to a mortar matrix made with 1:1:6 ratio of ordinary Portland cement, lime and natural sand. Technical properties of mass density, consistency, incorporated air content and water retention were evaluated for the as-processed fresh state of the mortar reinforced with this NFL. The preliminary results in association with the relatively low mass density of the mortars incorporated with NaOH-treated guaruman fibers reveal a promising material to be applied as mortar for wall covering in civil construction, in a proportion of 7.5 wt%, which shows a great potential for the use of this fiber.
L-45: Study of Mortar with Incorporation of Different Proportions of Coconut Fiber with and without Previous Treatment: Mariana Pereira1; Isabela Batista1; Iully Pereira1; Karine Tavares1; Sergio Monteiro1; Luis Tambara Júnior1; Afonso Azevedo1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
Coconut fiber is a renewable material that has high potential for use in civil construction. Proving to be a profitable and promising alternative, this study intends to analyze and compare the effects of the addition of coconut fiber in the mortar through tests, such as consistency , density, viscosity, compressive and flexural strength. The comparison were be made with 0.3% and 0.6% of addition in cement mass, treating the fibers previously with sodium hydroxide with 0.3% and 0.6% and in natural condition. The results showed that the treatment was beneficial for this type of fiber, showing that its application in mortars is feasible.
L-46: Study of the Properties of Geopolymeric Mortars with the Addition of Natural Pineapple Fibers in the Fresh State: Jose Alexandre Linhares1; Iully Pereira1; Afonso Azevedo1; Sergio Monteiro2; Luís Tambara1; Carlos Maurício Vieira1; Markssuel Marvila3; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 3Universidade Federal de Viçosa - CRP
Portland cement is widely used in civil construction due to various convenient properties, however, in its production processes a large volume of polluting gases is dispersed in the atmosphere, harming the environment. Composites of geopolymer matrices reinforced with natural fibers emerge as potential mitigators of the use of conventional cement, reducing the emission of pollutants. Pineapple crowns are a residue generated on a large scale in fruit producing places, making their use in composites possibly viable. This work carried out a chemical treatment of the fibers of the pineapple crown leaves in a 5% NaOH solution to study the properties of a geopolymeric mortar in the fresh state, with the addition of 2% and 4% of the reinforcing elements, on the mass of metakaolin. Consistency tests, incorporated air content, density in the fresh state and viscosity were carried out, which verified a good workability of the mortars.
Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2 Nanoparticles Obtained by Sol-gel Method: Mizraim Flores1; Atxayacalt Flores1; Frida Yañez1; Irais Cardenas1; Ivan Reyes1; Laura García1; Pedro Ramírez1; Rubén Olcay2; 1Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo; 2Universidad Arturo Prat
Tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel technique, metallic tin, ammonia hydroxide, nitric acid, ascorbic acid, ethanol and deionized water were used. A white powder characteristic of tin oxide was obtained. X-ray diffraction was performed on the synthesis product and identified as cassiterite (SnO2), with a tetragonal unit cell, whose network parameters are at a = 4.74 Å and c = 3.19 Å, the ICDD-PDF letter is 96-210-4755. Scanning electron microscopy characterization showed that nanoparticles they have a spherical morphology and sizes ranging from 23 nm to 67.6 nm. Analysis performed by infrared spectroscopy show that it has the tin bond oxygen 667 cm−1 region.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Eu2TiO5 Using Atomic Substitution with Eu+3 in BaTiO3: Ricardo Martinez Lopez1; Miguel Pérez Labra1; Francisco Raúl Barrientos Hernández1; José A. Romero Serrano2; Aurelio Hernández Ramírez2; María Inés Valenzuela Carrillo1; Martín Reyes Pérez1; Julio Cesar Juárez Tapia1; Victor Esteban Reyes Cruz1; 1Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 2Metallurgy and Materials Department, ESIQIE-IPN. UPALM, Zacatenco
BaTiO3 is a ceramic compound of ABO3 perovsakite type where Ba occupies the A site and Ti the B site. The saturation of the BaTiO3 lattice with Eu3+ allows the formation of secondary phases with specific applications. In this work, the Eu2TiO5 phase was synthesized using solid state reaction method and sintering at 1300°C for 6 hours through the Ba1-xEuxTi1-x/4O3 electronic compensation mechanism with x=0, 10 and 15 by Weight % of Eu+3. The X-ray diffraction spectra of the analyzed samples indicate the presence of the crystalline phase Eu2TiO5 (JCPDS 96-200-2716). Rietvel refinement analysis of the orthorhombic Eu2TiO5 structure indicated an increase in the lattice parameters ¨a¨, ¨b¨ and ¨c¨ and in the cell-volume attributed to the increase in Eu+3 concentration. Additionally, the presence of Eu2TiO5 was verified by Raman spectroscopy studies in the band at 778cm-1. The Eu2TiO5 phase find electrical, optical, magnetic and nuclear applications.
The Comparison of Mechanical Properties on Ni-Base Superalloy Casting Alloys For A-USC Power Generation Application: Jaihyun Park1; 1Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
The operating temperature of the high pressure turbine in the USC(ultra super critical)power generation environment is 600°C-650°C, but the A-USC power generation environment is a high efficiency power generation environment where the operating temperature of the high pressure turbine is 700°C-760℃. For this reason, it is impossible to use the austenitic heat-resistant steel which is currently used in the high-pressure turbine. Instead of it, Ni-base superalloy should be used for the high temperature usage. A variety of casting alloys that can be applied as casing components to A-USC thermal power plants are being studied worldwide and alloy 263, 282, 625, and 740Hare one of the candidates. In this study, we evaluated these materials. The differences in microstructure were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope.Mechanicaltestssuch as tensile test, hardness test, and creep test were also conducted.
Thermal Characterization of Epoxy Matrix Composites Reinforced with Babassu Fibers (Attalea speciosa): Yago Chaves1; Sergio Monteiro1; Lucio Nascimento1; Raí Junio1; Lucas Neuba1; Foluke De Assis2; Thais Gajo1; Wendell Bezerra1; Matheus Ribeiro1; 1Military Engineering Institute (IME); 2Instituto de Pesquisa da Marinha do Brasil
The growing concern with sustainable development has inspired the increase in research on alternative, environment-friendly materials. Among all the studied materials, one that stands out in applications in polymeric composites are the natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) that demonstrate good properties compared to synthetic fibers. The NLFs have advantages over synthetic fibers as low density and low price but have disadvantages such as their limited thermal performance. Thus, the present study seeks to analyze the thermal properties in the use of babassu fiber (Attalea speciosa) as reinforcement to produce epoxy matrix composites. For the first time, these fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal analysis of the babassu fibers revealed that the degradation of the fibers at the temperature of 37.8°C with a 13.6% reduction of the fiber mass and between 205° to 382° C with a 69.9% degradation of the babassu fiber mass.