Advances in Powder and Ceramic Materials Science: Ceramic Particles and Powder
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS Materials Processing and Manufacturing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee, TMS: Powder Materials Committee
Program Organizers: Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Shefford Baker, Cornell; Kathy Lu, University of Alabama Birmingham; Faqin Dong, Southwest University of Science and Technology; Jinhong Li, China University of Geosciences; Eugene Olevsky, San Diego State University; Ruigang Wang, Michigan State University; Dipankar Ghosh, Old Dominion University
Monday 8:30 AM
February 28, 2022
Room: 213C
Location: Anaheim Convention Center
Session Chair: Ruigang Wang, University of Alabama ; Jinhong Li, China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
8:30 AM Introductory Comments
8:35 AM Invited
High Flowability Ultra-high Temperature Ceramic Nanocomposites Feedstock Powder Synthesis via Gel-casting: Amy Wat1; Ashley Hall1; Bruce Yang1; Congwang Ye1; Gabriella King1; Elizabeth Sobalvarro1; Joshua Kuntz1; Marcus Worsley1; Wyatt Du Frane1; James Cahill1; 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Ceramic nanograined materials have desirable characteristics compared to their macroparticle counterparts but are rarely used in industrial applications due to issues with health safety hazards and poor handleability. These issues are caused by interparticle forces that become more prevalent as the particle size decreases. The authors report a scalable sol-gel solution and unique emulsification process to create spherical microparticle agglomerates composed of nanoscale powders. The microparticle agglomerates maintains the nano-scale characteristics of the nanomaterials but improves its flowability by combining irregularly-shaped zirconium diboride nanoparticles with a particle diameter of 60 nm into larger spherical particles with a d50~20 um. The flowability improved from a Hausner Ratio of 1.44 to 1.176, highlighting its flowability. We have created flowable powders that are composed of nanomaterials via hierarchical feedstock engineering to combine the positive characteristics of materials across both length-scales and report applications in manufacturing such as thermal plasma spray and die filling.
8:55 AM
Surface-engineered CeO2 Nanocrystals as Cathode Host for High-performance Li-S Battery: Zhen Wei1; Ruigang Wang1; 1The University of Alabama
Lithium sulfur battery (Li-S) is recognized as one of the most promising candidates that can replace lithium ion battery. In this research, shape-controlled synthesis of CeO2 nanocrystals with various preferentially exposed crystal facets (CeO2 nanorods with (110)/(100)/(111), CeO2 nanocubes with (100) and CeO2 nanoctahedra with (111)) was conducted aiming to investigate the crystal plane effect of polar CeO2 as a cathode host on the immobilization of lithium polysulfides and electrochemical performance of the assembled Li-S batteries. A strong chemical bonding of sulfur species on the exposed (110)/(100) and defected (111) crystal facets of CeO2 nanorods, during electrochemical conversion from long-chain lithium polysulfides to insoluble short-chain Li2S/Li2S2, results in superb restriction of lithium polysulfides and endows CeO2 nanorods based electrode with the best electrochemical properties. The working mechanism of lithium polysulfides immobilization by addition of CeO2 nanorods will be discussed in detail.
9:15 AM
Immobilization of Laccase on CuO Nanoparticles: Stability, Catalytic Activity, and Cu Ion Exchange: F. Javier Suarez1; Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt2; Olivia Graeve1; 1University of California San Diego; 2Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Immobilization of enzymes is widely used to increase the stability and reusability of catalysts. Laccases have shown an increased stability and catalytic activity when immobilized in copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). However, the role of the CuO-NPs in the immobilization of laccases remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that the increase in both stability and catalytic activity is caused by the exchange of Cu ions between the laccases and the CuO-NPs. In this study we immobilized laccase from Coriolopsis gallica on CuO-NPs by covalent attachment using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as linking molecule. The results demonstrated an extraordinary increase in stability and catalytic activity of laccase, showing higher kcat and total turnover number (TTN). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the exchange of Cu ions between the laccase and the CuO-NPs, resulting in an improved understand of the laccase-CuO interface.
9:35 AM
Atomistic Simulations of Tension and Compression of Hybrid Core-shell Ceramic Nanoparticles: Kevin Kayang1; Alexey Volkov1; 1The University of Alabama
Quasi-static atomistic simulations of hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) composed of Si cores with SiC shells are performed. These NPs are considered as elements of a porous nanomaterial composed of a scaffold of NPs covered by ceramic coatings which improve the overall mechanical properties of the material. Stretching and compression simulations are performed with periodic boundary conditions, enabling modelling of the periodic lattices of NPs in multiple spatial directions. The computational results are obtained for both non-overlapping and overlapping shells over individual NPs; with the overlapping shells formed as a result of material deposition from gas phase. The simulations are targeted at revealing fundamental microscopic mechanics of deformation, fracture, and load transfer between cores and shells at different temperatures. Key characteristics of NPs, such as the elastic modulus, fracture stress, and toughness are calculated depending on the NP size, shell thickness, and degree of material amorphization near the core-shell interfaces.
9:55 AM
Deformation and Energy Absorbing Mechanism of Expanded Vermiculite Particles: Bowen Li1; Hong Zou2; Jason Seeterlin1; 1Michigan Technological University; 2Runway Safe Group
Exfoliated vermiculite is a porous silicate material well known for its broad applications in insulation and horticulture. The particles of exfoliated vermiculite have a range of unique properties, such as being lightweight, soft, chemically stable, and compressible. Unlike general silicate materials, exfoliated vermiculite displays an exceptional plasticity combining with a brittle deformation under compressive and/or shear forces, which effectively absorbs mechanical energy under an impact. Per microstructural investigations, this study demonstrated the deformation process of exfoliated vermiculite particles. The deforming mechanisms were accordingly discussed.
10:15 AM Break
10:30 AM Invited
On the Manufacturing of Ceramics Powders by Sustainable Manufacturing Matrix: Surojit Gupta1; 1University of North Dakota
In this invited presentation, I will present some of the recent progress in my research group on ceramics and Carbon-based powder manufacturing by using sustaiability as the design matrix. Different methodologies for increasing the sustainability of powder production will be discussed. Detailed characterization of the powders will be presented. It is expected that these novel technologies can be potentially commercialized.
10:50 AM
Crystal Structure of Alkaline-doped Calcium and Strontium Hexaborides: Alan Hirales1; Olivia Graeve1; 1University of California San Diego
We present the structural behavior of two metal hexaboride solid solutions, Cax-1MxB6 and Srx-1MxB6 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5), where M can be Li, Na, or K; and show their evolution as the experimental concentration, x, is increased. The powders were synthesized by combustion synthesis, acid-washed with an HCl solution, and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), electron diffraction, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Electron micrographs mostly show cubic morphologies with a particle size range from ~100 nm to 1 µm, while XRD diffractograms show the formation of some amorphous character together with the crystalline phase as x increases. Electron diffraction show that the structures possess a high degree of crystallinity, with minimal misalignments and changes in crystallite orientation. EELS analyses suggest a homogeneous distribution of the dopant ions across the cubic nanoparticles.
11:10 AM
Cold Sintering of Iron Powdered Metal Compacts and Their Performance: Linsea Foster1; Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan1; Austin Fairman1; Kyle Robertson1; Daudi Waryoba1; Clive Randall1; 1Penn State University
Iron powder metallurgy is a well-established field in the powder metal (PM) industry due to its ease of processing and appreciable mechanical properties. One area that can contribute significantly to increased production and warrants more study is green machining. Additionally, our current global environmental state calls for more energy efficient processing methods. Cold sintering process (CSP) of metals may provide a means for decreasing required sintering temperature for metal via liquid phase sintering. Our application of CSP utilizes surface modification of iron particles to form an ultrathin hydrated phosphate layer (~ 10 nm). The hydrated layer promotes driving force for rearrangement and densification under warm compaction to yield compacts with significantly increased green strength up to 100MPa. This method is currently under investigation for the impact of alloyed iron as well. Implementation of CSP for iron may result in increased mechanical properties, decreased sintering temperature requirements, and decreased energy consumption.