Biological Materials Science: Poster Session
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; David Restrepo, University of Texas at San Antonio; Steven Naleway, University of Utah; Ning Zhang, Baylor University; Ling Li, University of Pennsylvania
Tuesday 5:30 PM
March 21, 2023
Room: Exhibit Hall G
Location: SDCC
Session Chair: Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; Ning Zhang, University of Alabama; Li Ling, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
K-5: A Systematic, Phylogeny-based Study of the Structural, Crystallographic, and Mechanical Properties of Avian Eggshells: Zhifei Deng1; Zian Jia1; Emily Peterman2; Mary Stoddard3; Ling Li1; 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 2Bowdoin College; 3Princeton University
Avian eggshells represent an intriguing natural protection system that needs to be strong to protect the embryo from outside loadings yet simultaneously breakable for the hatching chicks from inside. However, the eggshell design seems surprisingly “simple” with a calcitic external shell and an inner proteinaceous meshwork-like membrane. With over 10,000 avian species, the birds exhibit diverse variations in the eggshell's structural, crystallographic, and nanomechanical properties. In this study, we conducted systematic characterizations of eggshells from 19 bird species, from the largest flightless bird ostrich (Struthio camelus) to terrestrial quail (Synoicus chinensis). A correlation was found between the eggshell properties and bird phylogenies, where Neognaths eggshells show columnar misorientated crystals, and Paleognaths eggshells have more variations in crystal textures, including radiating fibers, deflected columns, and gradient grains. This study provides valuable information not only for biological material studies within a phylogenetic context but also for bioinspired designs in lightweight ceramic-polymer protective applications.
K-6: Bioinspired Magnetic Freeze Casting with Particles of Differing Shapes: Maddie Schmitz1; Steven Naleway1; 1University of Utah
Bioinspired magnetic freeze casting is an up and coming process used to make porous materials that mimic the structure of bone by being strong, yet light in weight for a variety of applications. Thus far magnetic freeze casting has been limited to using iron oxide, but by expanding its use to other materials the range of applications for it would be greatly improved. The ferromagnetic properties that make iron oxide ideal for magnetic freeze casting can be mimicked in titania and alumina through surface magnetization, making them usable for magnetic freeze casting. In doing so we look to strengthen scaffolds by using various compositions of differing shaped particles. Future work will look to further increase lamellar wall alignment throughout the scaffold by combining differing particle shapes with alterations in other aspects of the freeze-casting process in hopes of creating bioinspired structures with increased compressive strength.
K-7: Complex Variable Method to Analyze Bio-inspired Phononic Metamaterials: Juan C. Velasquez-Gonzalez1; Juan David Navarro1; William Beck1; David Restrepo1; 1The University of Texas at San Antonio
Bioinspired metamaterials consist of unique geometries that intend to mimic special types of structural organization found in natural systems. These systems, such as the wing scales of butterflies, diatoms, and nacre, often provide a distinctive set of dispersive properties that can be tuned to manipulate the phononic response. It is well known that phononic materials are highly sensitive to structural variations in geometry and mechanical parameters. To better understand the sensitivity of bio-inspired phononic metamaterials to structural variations, we implement a novel method to compute highly accurate arbitrary order sensitivities of the dispersion relation based on the finite element method and the hypercomplex Taylor series expansion (ZTSE). The sensitivities are calculated from unit representative volumes under Bloch’s periodicity and provide a broader understanding of the behavior of such structures. This work promises to make possible the design of novel bioinspired metamaterials with a higher level of control over their response.
K-8: Effect of Substrate Density on Structure and Physiology of Fungal Hyphal Systems: Elise Hotz1; Steven Naleway1; 1University of Utah
Microplastic pollution is a growing problem, causing environmental contamination and negatively affecting human health. Currently, there are few standards, regulations, or processes in place for removing microplastics from wastewater. Porous titania scaffolds made through freeze casting were assessed for their efficacy as microplastic filters. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used to manipulate the pore size of the scaffolds and optimize filter properties. Increasing the volume percentage of IPA was found to improve filtration efficiency by producing larger pores within the scaffold. Freeze cast titania scaffolds have the potential to be effective microplastic filters and the pore properties can be manipulated to best suit the required function of the filter.
K-9: On the Mechanical Properties of Dual-scale Microlattice of Starfish Ossicles: A Computational Study: Hongshun Chen1; Zian Jia1; Zhifei Deng1; Ling Li1; 1Virginia Tech
Echinoderms build their stereom with single-crystalline calcite. This enables the design of lattice with dual-scale crystallographic coalignment like the diamond-triply periodic minimal surface (diamond-TPMS) microlattice recently identified in the ossicles of starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Herein, we investigate the synergistic design of atomic- and lattice- scale crystallographic relationship in hierarchical lattices for tailored 3D mechanical properties. We first propose a methodology to predict the 3D elastic property surfaces of dual-scale architected lattices which was used to analyze the mechanical properties of the ossicle’s dual-scale diamond-TPMS microlattice. Our results indicate that the directions with low property values of calcite are coaligned with the directions with high property value of the diamond-TPMS lattice, mitigating calcite’s mechanical anisotropy. Furthermore, the ossicles often exhibit ~50% relative density, which does not show maximized mechanical isotropy. Additional analysis suggests that the ~50% relative density in ossicles is likely to be a trade-off design between mechanics and structure.
K-10: Revealing Toughening Mechanisms in Coconut Endocarp: Ning Zhang1; Sharmi Mazumder2; 1Baylor University; 2University of Alabama
Coconut endocarp is a notable cellular biomaterial that simultaneously exhibits low weight, high strength, high hardness and high toughness. However, given that coconut endocarp exhibits sophisticated hierarchical structures it is hypothesized that the combination of properties arises from synergies between microstructures at different length scales. In this work, we employed both all-atomistic (AA) and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify the toughening mechanisms in coconut endocarp. A CG-MD/bead-spring model is constructed. We use hyper elasticity to describe behavior of domain in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The simulation results emphasize that the interfacial strength of the CG model highly depends on the number of hydrogen bonds generation and intermolecular packing of beads consists of monomers under external loading. The structural influences of key features like pits and cell wall layers have considered in this model that predicts the interfacial structure-property relationships accurately at mesoscale.