Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials 2021: Advanced Characterization Methods I
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee
Program Organizers: Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Shadia Ikhmayies; Yunus Kalay, Middle East Technical University; Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University; Juan Escobedo-Diaz, University of New South Wales; John Carpenter, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Andrew Brown, Devcom Arl Army Research Office; Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC; Alex Moser, Naval Research Laboratory
Monday 8:30 AM
March 15, 2021
Room: RM 15
Location: TMS2021 Virtual
Session Chair: Alex Moser, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Juan Escobedo-Diaz, University of New South Wales
8:30 AM
Performance of High Fidelity Inert Thermomechanical Mocks Over a Diverse Range of Strain Rates and Temperatures: Alexandra Burch1; Benjamin Morrow1; Carl Cady1; David Bahr2; John Yeager1; 1Los Alamos National Laboratory; 2Purdue University
Due to the danger associated with handling explosives, inert simulant materials called mocks are often substituted in non-detonative tests. The pharmaceutical idoxuridine has recently been of interest in the search for a high fidelity thermomechanical mock for HMX due to similar thermal and quasistatic mechanical properties. In order to investigate the range of conditions under which the two materials are comparable, single crystals of each material were subjected to mechanical loading quasistatically via nanoindentation, and plastic bonded composites of each material were loaded dynamically via split Hopkinson pressure bar testing. Additionally, dynamic testing was performed over a range of temperatures for both materials. Mock suitability is therefore assessed here as both a function of strain rate as well as temperature, and comparisons are made between both single crystal and polymer matrix composite systems.
8:50 AM
Microstructure Characterization of Aluminum 1100 Using Ultrasonic Backscatter Measurements and Synthetic Polycrystals: Musa Norouzian1; Joseph Turner1; 1University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing has been increasingly used to characterize the microstructure of polycrystals. Although these techniques can be effective for certain microstructures, they have limitations in the form of assumptions used to facilitate the model development. To address these limitations, an approach based upon synthetic three-dimensional (3D) microstructure is proposed here in which the material information required for the single-scattering response model is obtained directly from the 3D digital volumes generated by DREAM.3D. In this work, all measurements are performed on an aluminum 1100 sample due to its single-phase and low twinning ability. Various ultrasonic measurements are performed to capture the independent scattering information. Using an iterative approach across different scattering measurements, the mean and the standard deviation of the synthetic volumes are optimized to match those of the measurements. Finally, electron backscatter diffraction data is used for validation (Research supported by AFRL under prime contract FA8650-15-D-5231).
9:10 AM
A Lightweight Mossbauer Spectrometer for Lunar Exploration Using a Piezoelectric Doppler Drive: Pedro Guzman1; Stefan Lohaus1; Valerie Scott2; Brent Fultz1; 1California Institute of Technology; 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
An advanced group of lightweight NASA rovers, named Pop-Up Flat Folding Explorer Robot (PUFFER), are expected to be launched on new missions for studies of the Moon. This provides a demand for miniature instruments to collect information about the lunar surface, where the temperature ranges from 40K to 400K. Due to the abundance of iron in our solar system, an ultraminiature lightweight Mossbauer spectrometer is an ideal instrument for investigating the lunar surface, since Mossbauer spectrometry is an established method for studying iron-containing minerals. We are developing a lightweight and compact piezoelectric actuator as a mechanical Doppler drive for tuning the γ-ray radiation, required to excite the 57Fe nuclei present in iron containing samples. Our new instrument successfully obtained Mossbauer spectra with open-loop operation of the piezoelectric drive. Some spectral distortions may be overcome with the closed-loop system under development now.
9:30 AM
SAXS Tomography of Precipitation Hardened Multilayer Al Alloy Sheets: Shan Lin1; Hiroshi Okuda1; 1Kyoto University
Strengthening of materials by multilayered structure has been used from a viewpoint of designing composite materials. In the present work, we extended a method to examine macroscopic layered structure containing modulated nanostructures from 1 dimensional scanning synchrotron radiation Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) to tomographic measurements. The specimen used in the present work were model three-layered Al alloy sheets prepared by hot rolling and cut into a rectangular rod.2-dimensional mapping of voxel SAXS intensities were calculated from SAXS measurements, performed by scanning microbeam X-rays (15keV, φ5~20μm) with translating and rotating the specimen. Information about the size and amount of nanoscopic precipitate distributions of 1 and 2 dimensions normal to the specimen’s multilayer were acquired with a resolution of 20μm, regardless of isotropy. Measurements have been performed at the beam-line 40XU of SPring-8, Japan.
9:50 AM
APT Composition Profiling for Accurate Evaluation of Diffusion Coefficients in the Zr-Ta Binary System: Yaqiao Wu1; Megha Dubey1; Shujuan Wang1; Chuangye Wang2; Ji-Cheng Zhao2; 1Boise State University; 2University of Maryland
The diffusion coefficients of the Zr–Ta binary system are valuable information for the design and lifetime prediction of accident-tolerant fuel (ATF). The extremely steep concentration gradients on the Ta-rich side of the Zr/Ta diffusion couple require high spatial resolution composition profiling beyond the capabilities of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). A novel approach is demonstrated to employ atom probe tomography (APT) to obtain near-atomic resolution composition profiles cross the steep gradient locations from stacked needle samples extracted using focused ion beam (FIB). The combined quantitative results of the APT data from the steep gradient region with the EPMA data from the shallow gradient region enable accurate evaluation of the diffusion coefficients across the entire composition range of the Zr-Ta binary system for the first time. Such an approach also enables evaluation of extremely low diffusion coefficients (< 10-18 m2/s) without resorting to the laborious isotope experiments.
10:10 AM
Large-scale Crystal Orientation Mapping by Directional Reflectance Microscopy: Matteo Seita1; Xiaogang Wang1; Mallory Wittwer1; 1Nanyang Technological University
We present a new, optical technique that provides rapid crystal orientation mapping capabilities over large areas. This technique—which we call directional reflectance microscopy (DRM)—relies on acquiring a series of optical micrographs of chemically etched polycrystals under different illumination angles. By correlating the directional reflectivity of the surface with the local etch-induced surface structure, DRM enables accurate and complete crystal orientation measurements in a manner analogous to the indexing of Kikuchi bands produced by electron backscatter diffraction. With the additional flexibility afforded by the simple equipment employed and the high measurement throughput, DRM is uniquely suited to characterize entire parts—such as multi-crystalline silicon solar cells and turbine blades—or to assess large-scale microstructure heterogeneity—such as that which is commonly found in additively manufactured materials.
10:30 AM
Utilization of Magneto-optical Kerr Effect Microscopy for Microstructural Characterization of Steels: Matic Jovicevic-Klug1; Patricia Jovicevic-Klug1; Lars Thormählen2; Jeffrey McCord2; Bojan Podgornik1; 1Institute of Metals and Technology; 2Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University
In recent years, development of magneto-optical characterization techniques, specifically magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), arose for investigating microstructural and correlatively mechanical properties of steels. The method allows investigation of magnetic properties that emerge from the investigated material’s surface and allows correlation to the bulk magnetic properties of the material. However, the method has been limited mainly to characterization of electrical steels. We present, that high-resolution MOKE microscopy can be applied on other steels for microstructural characterization such as morphology of martensite, identification of austenite and carbide grains without using etchants. As a result, MOKE microscopy is versatile and allows investigation of steels on different aspects of their properties on a microstructural level. We provide an example of such investigation on conventionally and cryogenically treated high-speed steels with dominating martensitic microstructure. The presented data provides insight to correlating magnetic information to the microstructure and consequentially to the mechanical properties of selected steels.
10:50 AM
Characterization of Dealloyed Gradient Nanoporous Foams: Karina Hemmendinger1; Andrea Hodge1; 1University of Southern California
Nanoporous metal foams possess an interesting combination of properties including good electrical and thermal conductivity, surface-to-volume ratio and yield strength. The values of individual properties can be tuned through changes in the foam morphology, including ligament and pore size. Dealloying, a selective corrosion process, is a versatile synthesis method for nanoporous materials as it is compatible with a wide range of alloy compositions and electrolytic solutions, and is capable of producing a wide range of pore sizes. Gradient nanoporous metal foams present an opportunity to improve the deformation behavior of the typically brittle nanoporous foams. Different techniques ranging from SEM and TEM to nanoindentation will be used to characterize the foam morphology, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of these materials.