Energy Technologies and CO2 Management Symposium: Session II
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Energy Committee
Program Organizers: Xiaobo Chen, RMIT University; Yu Lin Zhong, Griffith University; Lei Zhang, University of Alaska Fairbanks; John Howarter, Purdue University; Alafara Baba, University of Ilorin; Neale Neelameggham, IND LLC; Cong Wang, Northeastern University; Ziqi Sun, Queensland University of Technology
Monday 2:30 PM
February 24, 2020
Room: 17A
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Ziqi Sun, Queensland University of Technology; Xiaobo Chen, RMIT University
2:30 PM
Electrified Layered Organic-inorganic Hybrids for Capacitive Storage: Da-Wei Wang1; Kefeng Xiao1; Huabo Liu1; Jiaxing Liang1; 1UNSW Sydney
We report the recent discovery of the fast ion intercalation in a new type two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid structure, and the fine molecular tailoring of the interlayer chemistry. A room-temperature self-assembly procedure was developed to produce a new 2D hybrid structure with expanded periodic stacking distance which is also highly solvated. The solvated large gallery allows the swift ion storage. This hybrid 2D structure consists of conductive polymer nanoribbons corss-linked by inorganic tungstate molecules. A simple solvent-exchange process enables the use of this material for aqueous or non-aqueous energy storage, indicating self-adaptive properties and automated responses to electrolyte wetting in electrochemical devices. Combining a series of electrochemical and spectroscopic methods, we identified the double layer dominant interface charging mechanism in this material, and also determined the stable electrochemical window. Based on those findings, we are able to design fast intercalation electrodes to achieve large volumetric performance in an asymmetric supercapacitor.
2:50 PM
Cerium Ion Adsorption on Ultrathin Graphitic Carbon Nitride and its Photocatalytic Application: Saikat Kuila1; Tarun Kundu1; 1Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride (U-g-C3N4) is prepared by exfoliation of bulk g-C3N4 used as an adsorbent for aqueous Ce3+ adsorption. Adsorption capacity of U-g-C3N4 is found to be influenced by initial concentration, solution pH, contact time and temperatures (288K to 313K). Adsorption kinetics is studied by using both pseudo first and second order kinetic model. Initial and Ce accumulated U-g-C3N4 are characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for optical properties and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological behaviour. Valence band of C1s, N1s and Ce3d are observed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specific surface area is measured by BET analysis. AFM profile shows that the average thickness of two dimensional sheets has increased after adsorption. Defects due to lattice disorientation are found in high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). Photo catalytic dye degradation efficiency reaches upto 95% under sunlight irradiation.
3:10 PM
Economic Metals Rescue from Spent Zinc-carbon Batteries for Industrial Value Additions: Alafara Baba1; Folahan Adekola1; Rafiu Bale1; Abdul Alabi2; Mustapha Raji1; 1University of Ilorin; 2Kwara State University, Malete
The increasing demands for metals with gradual depletion of un-renewable resources warrant the need for industrial metals recovery from secondary sources including zinc-carbon batteries. The recycling from wastes is important as cost of safe disposal of its hazardous components is quite high compared to the amount of waste produced-cum-limited storage capacity. For instance, sub-Sahara African countries’ including Nigeria has been found to have dominance of non-rechargeable spent batteries containing precious metals content. These metals which may be toxic are valuable industrial elements if re-processed. In this work, combinations of acid leaching, solvent extraction and precipitation techniques were utilized in processing spent Tiger Head Zinc-carbon batteries assaying majorly 41.30wt% ZnO, 4.30 wt%Fe2O3 and 2.69wr% MnO2. At optimal conditions, the leach liquor was selectively treated to achieve 96.7% zinc recovery efficiency by Cyanex®272 extractant prior to its beneficiation as zinc oxide suitable as coating and industrial raw materials for some defined industries.
3:30 PM
Improving In-vitro and In-vivo Antibacterial Functionality of Mg Alloys Through Micro-alloying with Sr and Ga: Xiaobo Chen1; 1RMIT University
This study attempts to address such germ-infection issues through controlled release of antibacterial species from bulk gallium (Ga) and strontium (Sr) containing magnesium (Mg) alloys. To validate such a conceptual framework, Mg alloys containing micro-level concentrations of Ga and/or Sr (0.1 wt.%) are employed as model materials, along with commercially pure Mg and titanium (Ti) as control groups. Results demonstrate that such a lean addition of Ga and/or Sr reduces the degradation kinetics of Mg matrix, and the release of Ga3+ ions plays a crucial role in disabling the viability of all selected bacterial strains. The histological tests confirm that the growth of fibrous tissue has been accelerated in the vicinity of Mg-based implants, in comparison to that of blank and c.p. Ti controls. It is also striking that the smallest number density of S. aureus bacteria on the surface of the retrieved Ga-containing Mg rod implants.
3:50 PM Break
4:10 PM
Transient Thermal Modeling of Aluminum Cells for Renewable Energy Integration: Gustavo Ospina1; Mohamed Hassan1; Sgouris Sgouridis1; Ali Bouabid1; 1Khalifa University of Science and Technology
The wide availability of fossil resources in some solar belt countries, and the need for tight temperature control of aluminum production cells have made constant gas powered operation smelters become the norm. In the UAE, solar energy plants achieved 0.24 $/kWh record, making solar energy competitive with fossil fuel energy. This study develops power modulation curves for aluminum production cells to accommodate variable renewable resources like solar PV. The study identifies the constraints imposed by the aluminum cell thermal response and the corresponding feasible heat transfer coefficients. A simplified transient FEM of an aluminum cell with variable internal heat generation is developed. Our models quantify the benefits of switching to a power modulation operation and estimate the requirements of the heat exchangers needed to achieve this transition. This research contributes to fill the gap in the study of power modulation to accommodate variable renewable energy sources in aluminum production.
4:30 PM Cancelled
Discussion on the Application of Rooftop Photovoltaic Power Plant in the Steel Enterprise: Xiancong Zhao1; Huanmei Yuan2; Yuzhao Han2; Zefei Zhang2; Hao Bai2; 1Peking university; 2University of Science and Technology Beijing
In recent years, sustainable energies such as the solar and wind energy were widely applied to substitute traditional energies in the industrial sector. An emerging trend is that plenty of photovoltaic(PV) power plants were installed on the roof of the factory buildings in steel enterprises. In this paper, we reviewed the recent development of roof PV power plants and discussed the collaborative scheduling between roof PV power plant and existed power system. A case study was conducted in a steel enterprise with annual capacity of 8 million tons of steel in China, and evaluated the design, cost and benefits of built roof PV power plant. Results demonstrate that the annual power output is around 20 million kWh, which can cover 5-10% of the total power consumption of the plant. The payback period of the PV power plant is 7 years which is economically feasible.
4:50 PM
Performance of Anodes with Proper Active Metal Elements Added to the Al-0.16wt%In in Alkaline Electrolyte for Al-air Batteries: Huimin Lu1; Neale Neelameggham2; Jing Leng1; Jianxue Liu1; 1Beihang University; 2IND LLC
Wind energy and solar energy are stored in aluminum through low-temperature aluminum electrolysis, and then distributed energy generation by metallic fuel cells realizes renewable energy utilization.Aluminum is an ideal material for metallic fuel cells. In this research, the performance of Al-air batteries based on pure Al , Al-0.16wt%In , Al-0.16wt%In-0.1wt%Ga, Al-0.16wt%In-0.5wt%Bi, Al-0.16wt%In-0.12wt%Sn and Al-0.16wt%In-3wt%Zn anodes in 4M NaOH solution was investigated by galvanostatic discharge test.The electrochemical properties of the anodes are investigated in the same electrolyte using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. Battery performance is tested by constant current discharge at 20 mA cm -2 current density. The characteristics of the anodes after discharge were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX).Results confirm that compared with pure Al and Al-0.16wt%In in 4M NaOH, the electrochemical properties of Al-0.16wt%In-0.1wt%Ga anode restrains hydrogen evolution, improves electrochemical activity and increases anodic utilization rate.