Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials 2021: Characterization of Composite Materials
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee
Program Organizers: Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Shadia Ikhmayies, The University of Jordan; Yunus Kalay, Middle East Technical University; Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University; Juan Escobedo-Diaz, University of New South Wales; John Carpenter, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Andrew Brown, Devcom Arl Army Research Office; Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC; Alex Moser, Naval Research Laboratory

Tuesday 2:00 PM
March 16, 2021
Room: RM 15
Location: TMS2021 Virtual

Session Chair: Sergio Monteiro, Military Institute of Engineering; Kelvin Xie, Texas A&M University

2:00 PM
Composite Binder and Particle Size Effects on Mechanical Properties of Non-hazardous High Explosive Surrogates: Matthew Herman¹; Caitlin Woznick¹; Amanda Duque¹; John Yeager¹; ¹Los Alamos National Laboratory
     Plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) are polymer matrix composites that are highly loaded with micron-scale explosive crystals. The thermal and mechanical properties of these materials must be well-understood to develop engineering models, but testing such properties can be hazardous and expensive. A non-hazardous PBX surrogate (“mocks”) could be used in place of a PBX if the thermomechanical properties are close enough. Our previous research has shown that 5-lodo-2’-deoxyuridine (IDOX) is a promising filler material in place of the explosive HMX but that subtle formulation details are more important than originally suspected. Here, to better match the compressive strength and elastic modulus of different HMX-based PBXs, an investigation of binder composition and an expansive IDOX particle size study was conducted. We find that both variables are important for tailoring compressive properties of the bulk composite, and our ability to match the target PBX properties within acceptable deviation is validated.LA-UR-20-24890

2:20 PM
Mechanical Testing and Microstructural Investigation into the Effects of Heat Treatment on Additively Manufactured TiC Reinforced Ti-Ni Matrix Composites (TNMCs): Andrew Dodd¹; Jianshen Wang¹; Daniel East²; Evgeny Morozov¹; Juan Escobedo-Diaz¹; ¹University of New South Wales; ²CSIRO Manufacturing
    Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with ceramic particles combine the high strength and thermal resistance of ceramic with the ductility and toughness of titanium. In this study the LENSTM additive manufacturing system was used to produce TiC reinforced Ti-Ni matrix composites (TNMCs) with varying carbon percentages which are suitable for ballistic and defence applications. While mechanical response of the as-deposited TiC reinforced TNMCs is promising, brittle failure is displayed at higher carbon weight percentages which is undesirable for practical applications. To increase their toughness, additively manufactured TiC reinforced TNMCs were subject to two heat treatments with their influences on microstructure and mechanical properties investigated, its influence on the mechanical properties of the TiC/TNMC will be presented.

2:40 PM
Influence of Graphene Oxide Fuctionalization Strategy on the Dynamic Mechanical Response of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites: Fabio Garcia Filho¹; Michelle Oliveira¹; Fernanda Luz¹; Sergio Monteiro¹; ¹Military Institute of Engineering
    Since the 21th century began, environmental concerns related to energetic consumption and pollution have been gaining attention. In part, these could be associated with production and disregard of synthetic materials. Using natural materials instead of synthetic aimed to become a trend, which haven’t happened. Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) were showed to be capable of replacing synthetic fibers in polymer composites. However, some limitations such as damage from heat can be considered a major constrain for wider application of NLFs/polymer composites. A novel strategy is suggested to improve this property is the graphene oxide (GO) functionalization of NLFs. This work investigates the thermal behavior of epoxy/NLF composites, with and without GO-functionalization. Two different amounts of reinforcement, low (20 vol%) and high (40 vol%), were dynamic mechanically investigated up to 160°C. Investigated parameters revealed notable changes attributed to GO-functionalization effect on the NLF regarding viscous stiffness and damping capacity of the composite.

3:00 PM
Charpy Impact Tests of Castor Oil Derived Polyurethane Matrix Composites Reinforced by Wood Industry Waste: Juliana de Faria¹; Noan Simonassi¹; Carlos Maurício Vieira¹; Felipe Perissé Duarte Lopes²; ¹State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro; ²UENF
    Due to modern extraction techniques, about 75% of an average tree can be used. This means a very large amount of waste is discarded. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate composites of castor oil derived polyurethane matrix reinforced with eucalyptus residues from a wood industry. To do so, composite boards reinforced with 10 up to 40% volume fraction of 3 different types of waste were made and subjected to charpy impact tests. In most cases there was a drop in performance with an increase in waste for more than 20%. With 10%, however, the strength of the composites was comparable to the pure resin, with the exception of the composite made with the intermediate size residue that presented a performance approximately 20% higher reaching 17.4 kJ / m² of impact resistance.

3:20 PM
Flexural Strength of Castor Oil Derived Polyurethane Matrix Composite Reinforced with Luffa Fibers: Anna Carolina Cerqueira Neves¹; Noan Simonassi²; Felipe Perissé Duarte Lopes¹; Carlos Mauricio Vieira¹; ¹UENF; ²State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro
    The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymeric matrix composites has been recently a promising field of study. The present work had, therefore, the objective to study a polyurethane derived from castor oil matrix reinforced with luffa fibers composites as a material to be used in panels such as Oriented Strand Boards (OSB). To do so, the luffa was cut to form a blanket and composite plates were made adding approximately 72% in mass in to the resin. The composites were subjected to flexural tests and the results shown an increase of about 20 times in the flexural strength and in 10 times in its elastic modulus in comparison with the pure resin, reaching 13.3MPa and 196.6 GPa for the flexural strength and modulus, respectively.

3:40 PM
Spall Damage Characterization of Additively Manufactured Ti-Ni-C Composites: Warwick Absolon¹; Jianshen Wang¹; Daniel East²; Ali Ameri¹; Hongxu Wang¹; Evgeny Morozov¹; Paul Hazell¹; Juan Escobedo-Diaz¹; ¹University of New South Wales; ²CSIRO Manufaturing
    Metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with ceramics can exhibit enhanced mechanical properties when compared to homogeneous metallic materials. These properties include high hardness and ultimate strengths. These are desirable material properties for armour application. This research in particular tested and evaluated the effect of carbon content on the dynamic tensile response (spall) of additive manufactured (AM) Ti-Ni-C composites. The spall behavior was studied through a flyer plate impact test utilizing a 70mm single stage gas gun and ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). The conclusive influence of carbon content on the spall behavior has been characterized. Preliminary results indicate that the spall strength decreases and damage increases with an increase in carbon content.

4:00 PM
Characterization of Equimolar Zinc Ferrite - ZF: Mery Gomez Marroquin¹; José Carlos D´Abreu²; Henry Colorado³; Abraham Terrones - Ramírez⁴; Kim Phatti - Satto⁴; Nilton Cárdenas-Falcón⁵; ¹APMMM/UNI; ²DEQM PUC-Rio; ³University of Antioquia - UDEA; ⁴FIGMM UNI; ⁵PUCP
    The present paper deals of the ZF synthesis using a ceramic method focusing its formation from an equimolar mixture of pure iron oxide-Fe2O3, and zinc oxide-ZnO. The solid-solid reaction took place by thermic treatment, between 650 to 1200°C. The DTA showed an endothermic pick at 760.58°C and an exothermic pick at 1115.45°C. By TGA was determined a loss of mass of ZF of 0,009% approximately. SEM showed particles of ZF predominantly of spherical geometry and in particular, the TEM scans, reveled type micrometric and homogeneous agglomerates formed from single crystal round particles having size of circa 100 nm. XRD characterization shows up three different spinelics phases of ZF: Fe 1.78O3.71 Zn 0.945; Fe1.92O4Zn1.08 and Fe2O4Zn. Previous studies of magnetic characterization of ZF observed a little hysteresis due those three spinelics phases achieved a 90.2% which means this sample has a minimum presence of iron oxides in a form of magnetite.

4:20 PM
Characterization of Ultra-hard Ceramic AlMgB14-based Materials Obtained by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis and Spark Plasma Sintering: Ilya Zhukov¹; Pavel Nikitin¹; Alexander Vorozhtsov¹; ¹Tomsk State University
    Ultra-hard ceramic AlMgB14-based materials obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) were studied. The microstructure, phase composition of the obtained SHS-products and the AlMgB14-based materials were studied. The density, hardness, friction coefficient of the AlMgB14-based materials obtained by SPS were also examined. The mechanism was proposed for the formation of the AlMgB14-based materials during the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis.

4:40 PM
Preparation of Ceramic Coating on Copper Substrate with Transitional Layer by Low-temperature Slurry Method: Zefei Zhang¹; Hao Bai¹; Lihong Li²; Min Zhong²; ¹University of Science and Technology Beijing; ²Shantou Huaxing Metallurgical Equipment Co., Ltd.
    Ceramic coating prepared by slurry method has been applied to the metal surface for its excellent properties which can enhance the reliability and durability of industrial equipment. While for copper as the substrate, a transition coating is needed between ceramic coating and copper substrate to solve the problem caused by the difference of their thermal expansion coefficients. In this paper, NiCoCrAlY transition coating was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and ceramic top coating was prepared by slurry method. The results show the transition coating plays a key role in obtaining excellent properties. The thermal shock resistance life at 600 ℃ reached 110 cycles and the bonding strength was 15.04 MPa. The oxidation resistant effect δ of the ceramic coating can reach 87.29% at 800 ℃. Thus, the ceramic coating prepared can be applied to copper equipment for protection against harsh environments.