Biological Materials Science: Biological Materials Science II
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University; David Restrepo, University of Texas at San Antonio; Steven Naleway, University of Utah; Ning Zhang, Baylor University; Ling Li, University of Pennsylvania
Monday 2:00 PM
March 20, 2023
Room: Sapphire 402
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Ning Zhang, University of Alabama; Du Jing, Pennsylvania State University
2:00 PM Invited
Ultrasonic Characterization of Wave Propagation in Biomineralized Materials: Horacio Espinosa1; Nicolas Alderete1; Maroun Abi Ghanem2; 1Northwestern University; 2Institut Lumière Matière - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
The remarkable static and dynamic properties of biomaterials emerge from a combination of multiscale hierarchical structuring and constituent anisotropy and heterogeneity. While significant progress has been done towards unraveling Nature’s design principles, understanding of the influence of biomaterial structure on elastic wave propagation is still elusive and incomplete. Mechanical characterization has traditionally relied on contact- and deformation-based techniques to access material properties at different length-scales, often translating in invasive and destructive experiments. In this work, we will present the results of a comprehensive and multiscale suite of non-contact, non-destructive ultrasonic characterization experiments that enable access to the MHz-GHz phononic spectrum, attenuation, and even thermal properties of biomineralized materials. Together with continuum modeling results, the present approach provides new insight into the dynamic properties of biomaterials.
2:30 PM
Sensitivity Analysis of Bio-inspired Phononic Materials Using the Hypercomplex Taylor Series Expansion Method: Juan C. Velasquez-Gonzalez1; Juan David Navarro1; William Beck1; David Restrepo1; 1The University of Texas at San Antonio
In the search for designing novel functionally graded materials, natural models offer unique geometries with special types of structural organization. These natural systems, such as wing scales of butterflies, diatoms, and nacre, often possess distinctive dispersive properties that can be tuned to manipulate the phononic response. Quantifying the sensitivities of the dispersive properties with respect to the different geometrical and material parameters becomes then a powerful tool to reach tunable properties. In this work, we implement a novel method to compute highly accurate arbitrary order sensitivities of the dispersion relation of bio-inspired phononic metamaterials based on the finite element method and the hypercomplex Taylor series expansion (ZTSE). We analyzed unit representative volumes under Bloch’s periodicity and calculated higher order sensitivities with respect to the models’ parameters. The sensitivities aim to provide a broader understanding of the phononic behavior of bioinspired metamaterials and make possible the design of novel structures.
2:50 PM
Bioinspired Materials Inspired by Biological Structural Design Elements: Steven Naleway1; Debora Lyn Porter1; Tony Yin1; Josh Fernquist1; Maddie Schmitz1; Elise Hotz1; 1University of Utah
Bioinspired materials that are able to mimic the structure and properties of biological materials are of interest to a wide range of scientific and engineering fields. When looking to create these bioinspired materials it can be advantageous to focus on those structural design elements that have been shown to provide significant mechanical advantages by a variety of species in nature. Here we mimic these structural design elements with a variety of fabrication techniques (with a focus on the application of energized fields) such as freeze casting, aerogel synthesis, biotemplating, and FDM printing. Applications in biomedical materials and advanced composites will be discussed.
3:10 PM Invited
Biological Designs that Prevent Catastrophic Damage: Jung-Eun Lee1; Jack Connolly2; Devis Montroni3; Wei Huang4; Taifeng Wang1; Phani Saketh Dasika2; Pablo Zavattieri2; David Kisailus1; 1University of California-Irvine; 2Purdue University; 3University of Bologna; 4Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Natural systems have evolved efficient strategies to synthesize and construct composites from a limited selection of starting materials that exhibit exceptional mechanical properties that are frequently superior to mechanical properties exhibited by many engineering materials. These biological systems have accomplished this feat by establishing controlled synthesis and hierarchical assembly of nano- to micro-scaled building blocks that are integrated into macroscale structures, while also producing materials with multi-functionality in order to provide organisms with a unique ecological advantage to ensure survival.We investigate organisms that have taken advantage of millions of years of evolutionary changes to derive structures, which are not only strong and tough, but also demonstrate the ability to articulate as well as display multifunctional features dependent on the underlying organic-inorganic components. We discuss the mechanical properties and functionality stemming from these hierarchical features, how they are formed and how they avoid catastrophic damage.
3:40 PM Break
4:00 PM Invited
Exploring the Mechanics of Force Transduction in the Tooth-stylus-radula System of Chitons: John (Jack) Connolly1; Phani Saketh Dasika1; Jungeun Lee2; Taifeng Wang2; David Kisailus2; Pablo Zavattieri1; 1Purdue University; 2University of California, Irvine
Chitons are mollusks which live on hard surfaces in the sea and use ultrahard magnetite-based teeth to harvest algae from rocky substrates. Their teeth are attached to a radula, a belt-like membrane, by styli, appendages which support the tooth during the zipper-like, rasping action used for feeding. The mechanical properties of the styli and the radula, such as regionally-varied stiffness, and interaction between structural features, enable the rasping of teeth across hard surfaces of varying, unpredictable topography, with sufficient force to remove food for ingestion and flexibility to resist breakage due to overloading. In this study, the structural elements of the chiton’s feeding apparatus are characterized, and we employ computational models to define mechanical relationships describing in situ performance. The generalized findings of this work can inform design decisions in lightweight structures, soft robotics, remote sensing, and other modern mechanical fields.
4:30 PM
Bio-Inspired Composites and Metamaterials
from High-aspect Ratio Ribbons: Hannes Schniepp1; Ben Skopic1; 1William & Mary
Fibrils are a dominant archetype in biogenic and synthetic structural materials. Composites relying on unidirectional fibers are limited in penetration resistance and are anisotropic. Advanced structures like Bouligands address these problems. One remaining deficiency of fibrous systems is the weak mechanical coupling between fibers. One possible solution is to flatten fibers to ribbons, to increase contact area between filaments. We found such natural materials systems, like certain cocoons, or the recluse spider’s ribbon silk. Our analysis has revealed that these materials have several other advantages, such as enhanced toughness even at the single-filament level, or adhesive locking mechanisms. This can lead to van der Waals-based adhesive bonds surpassing the tensile strength of the tapes. Inspired by these findings, we have combined tapes with Bouligand-type approaches to make matrix-free composites with tunable mechanical properties and outstanding mechanical performance. We believe tapes have a huge untapped potential for next-generation bio-inspired composites.
4:50 PM
Mechanical Behavior and Response of the Horse Hoof Wall's Internal Architecture using In-situ MicroCT: Benjamin Lazarus1; Rachel Luu1; Samuel Ruiz-Pérez2; Victor Leung1; Matthew Wong1; Iwona Jasiuk3; Marc Meyers1; 1University of California San Diego; 2Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 3University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
The horse hoof wall contains numerous architectural elements that improve its mechanical functionality. One of the most remarkable capabilities of the hoof wall’s structure is its ability to control crack propagation internally to prevent ultimate failure and damage to the living tissue at the interior. Historically, this has been studied with microscopy and quasi-static mechanical tests. To interpret fracture propagation, post-test fractography has often been used to identify failure mechanisms based on the surface features of crack interfaces. However, there is still a limited understanding of how the internal structure of the hoof wall behaves during loading and during fracture events. In this study, In-situ microCT is paired with mechanical tests to get a better understanding of the hoof wall’s in-vivo¬ behavior. Results from this study can be used to inform design decisions for materials containing tubular, lamellar, and fibrous design motifs.
5:10 PM
Biomineralized Architected Microlattice in Starfish Ossicles: Structure, Mechanics, Morphogenesis, and Bio-Inspired Design: Ling Li1; 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Porous materials or cellular solids such as foams and honeycombs are widely found in both biological and engineering systems, as they offer good mechanical efficiency and possible multifunctionality, such as acoustic insulation, thermal protection, etc. Both natural and engineering cellular solids are usually composed of polycrystalline or amorphous constituents, which can be metallic, polymeric, ceramic, or composites. Here we present a unique natural cellular solid system found in the biomineralized skeletal elements (known as ossicles) of the starfish Protoreaster nodosus, which exhibits a diamond-triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometry with a lattice constant of ~30 um. More interestingly, this architected microlattice is composed of a single-crystalline calcite, where the crystallographic symmetries between calcite and the diamond-TPMS microlattice are aligned. In this talk, I will discuss our understanding on this unique system’s structure, mechanical properties, and on-going work on formation mechanisms and bio-inspired designs.