Functional Nanomaterials 2020: Translating Innovation into Pioneering Technologies: Poster Session I
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Nanomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Simona Hunyadi Murph, Savannah River National Laboratory; Huanyu Cheng, Pennsylvania State University; Yong Lin Kong, University of Utah; Min-Kyu Song, Washington State University; Ning Zhang, Baylor University
Tuesday 5:30 PM
February 25, 2020
Room: Sails Pavilion
Location: San Diego Convention Ctr
Session Chair: Simona Hunyadi Murph, SRNL and UGA
N-45 (Invited): Functional Anisotropic Nanostructures - Correlation between Their Shape and Properties: Simona Hunyadi Murph1; 1Savannah River National Laboratory; University of Georgia
In this presentation, we highlight recent innovations from our laboratory by featuring uniquely shaped functional nanostructures and how their morphology and dimension affect their physico-chemical properties and subsequently their applications. We aim to cover a wide range of applications including optical and plasmonic applications, sensing and catalytic applications, environmental implications as well as energy related applications.
N-46: 3D Printing of Conductive Epoxy-carbon Nanotube Composite: Masoud Kasraie1; Parisa Pour Shahid Saeed Abadi1; 1Michigan Tech University
Additive Manufacturing has increased our ability to fabricate complex shapes and multi-material structures. Epoxy is excellent as the base for structural composite materials and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) add several functionalities such as electrical conductivity to a composite. However, 3D printing of epoxy-CNT composites is not fully developed. Here, conductive structures were fabricated by 3D direct-write printing of epoxy-CNT composite inks and their electrical and mechanical properties were characterized. In this process, 3D printable composite inks were synthesized by mixing epoxy, CNT, and nanoclay – a rheology modifier – using magnetic stirring, ultrasonication, and centrifugal mixing. Rheology measurements show an increase in storage modulus with incorporation of both nanoclay and CNT. Electrical conductivity of ~ 10-3 S/cm was measured for a composite with 1 wt% CNT. Furthermore, the effects of concentration of CNTs on the electrical and mechanical properties of the printed and cured structures were characterized.Keywords:Additive Manufacturing,Direct-Write Printing
N-47: Effect of Lithium Concentration-dependent Material Properties on Diffusion Induced Stresses of Sn Anode: Chung Su Hong1; Nadeem Qaiser1; Hyeon Gyun Nam1; Seung Min Han1; 1KAIST
Sn is a promising Li ion battery anode with mechanical properties that allow for effective relaxation of Li diffusion-induced stresses. Concentration-dependent material properties are used in numerical simulations to model the Li diffusion-induced stress evolution in Sn micropillars. Simulation results using lower modulus and high diffusivity with increasing Li content resulted in a completely different failure mode in comparison to that of concentration-independent simulation results. Tensile hoop-stress needed for crack propagation was analyzed to be at the core for concentration independent material properties that switched to tensile hoop-stress being at the surface for the case of concentration independent simulation results. Also, by incorporating maximum tensile DIS results, critical size for failure of Sn micropillar was determined to be 5.3μm for C/10 charging rate. This was then correlated to experimental observations, where fracture occurred in Sn micropillars with sizes larger than 6μm while 4.4μm sized Sn micropillar survived the lithiation cycle.
Cancelled
N-48: Flexible Honeycombed Nanoporous/glassy Hybrid for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation: Rui Li1; K.C. Chan1; Xiongjun Liu2; Z.P. Lu2; 1Hong Kong Polytechnic University; 2University of Science & Technology Beijing
Designing of highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media remains significant challenge. Herein, a novel honeycombed nanoporous/glassy hybrid structure has been developed through dealloying of special designed metallic glass (MG). The hybrid with outstanding flexibility/stability can be directly served as high-performance catalytic electrodes for HER, exhibiting a minimal overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm-2, low Tafel slope of 30 mV dec-1, and also excellent durability, superior than commercial Pt/C catalyst. The excellent HER activity mainly arises from the unique honeycombed nanoporous structure, which can provide abundant Pt-rich active sites on surface for fast electrochemical reaction kinetics and more contact surface area for efficient electron transportation. It has also been proven that the MG substrate is highly beneficial to the HER activity and stability of the hybrid. This finding provides an effective approach to designing new flexible electrocatalyst based on MGs.
N-49: Nano-engineered Hybrid Flywheels for High Energy Density and High Power Density: Jamshid Kavosi1; Mohammad Naraghi1; Terry Creasy1; Alan Palazzolo1; 1Texas A&M University
A flywheel is clean, environmentally friendly and efficient mean of energy storage. In this work, a systematic path for fabrication of flywheel with enhanced gravimetric energy storage (energy per unit mass) is explored. The limiting factor for flywheels is material strength since the flywheel will burst due to centrifugal stresses if spun at too high of angular velocity. Many composite flywheels are limited not by fiber failure, but matrix dominated failure. We address the need for high specific strength material by developing novel nanocomposite materials reinforced with strong electrospun carbon nanofibers. In this study, following the stress analysis of the rotating fiber composite flywheel, we implemented strong carbon nanofibers in the region of experiencing high radial stress. Our results pointing out to the improvement in the energy density of the flywheel by 14% by addition of only 2 wt% CNFs in the region of high radial stress.
Cancelled
N-50: Novel VS4 Nanorods Synthesized by a Facile Solvothermal Method for High Performance Electrochemical Capacitor Electrode: Jun-Kai Feng1; Jie Huang1; Hong-Yi Li1; Bing Xie1; 1Chongqing University
Transiontion-metal chalcogenides（TMCs）have attracted increasing attention in electrochemical energy storage over recent years. As an important member of the TMC family, VS4 has many intriguing chemical and physical properties benefited from the peculiar crystallographic structure. Herein, novel VS4 nanorods with a diameter of 30-100 nm were successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal method, which showed a tremendous specific capacitance of 617 F/g at 0.4 A/g in a solution of 1 M LiNO3 using a there-electrode system. The obtain energy density was as high as 55 Wh/kg, which was much higher than those of many other symmetrical supercapacitors. Most remarkably, the capacity retention of 87.5% was achieved even after 1500 cycles at a current density of 3 A/g. The results infer that the material has the potential to be used as a high performance supercapacitor electrode.Key words: Electrochemical capacitor, VS4, Nanorods, Solvothermal
N-51: Solid-state Electrolytes for Lithium–selenium Disulfide Batteries with Enhanced Safety: Panpan Dong1; Xiahui Zhang1; Younghwan Cha1; Min-Kyu Song1; 1School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University
Lithium–selenium disulfide (Li–SeS2) batteries have the potential to meet future energy-storage requirements via the combination of selenium with its high electrical conductivity and sulfur with its high theoretical capacity. However, shuttle effects of soluble redox intermediates (i.e., polysulfides and polyselenides) and lithium dendrite growth in conventional liquid electrolytes result in poor cycle life and safety risks of Li–SeS2 batteries, which need to be overcome for practical deployments. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity and good interfacial compatibility with electrodes have been considered as an effective approach to fundamentally address the above-mentioned challenges facing Li–SeS2 batteries. Herein, we demonstrate the design of nanostructured SeS2-based composites as high-capacity cathodes and the study of novel SSEs for Li–SeS2 batteries with enhanced safety. Furthermore, the electrode/electrolyte interfacial chemistry is investigated via ex-situ analysis methods to better understand the working mechanism of all-solid-state Li–SeS2 batteries.
N-53: Surface Composition of Cu@Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Tuned for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Youngtae Park1; Changsoo Lee1; Hyuck Mo Lee1; 1KAIST
It has been considered a major challenge to improve the electrocatalytic behavior of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst to realize sustainable energy technology. The noble metal, Pt is widely used as an efficient electrocatalyst. However, its high cost hinders practical application to sustainable energy technology. Therefore, it is very important to find low-cost electrocatalysts with high performance. Silver, Ag has been considered as a promising electrocatalyst for ORR of alkaline fuel cells. Although Ag has a relatively high overpotential compared to that of Pt, much cheaper material cost can lead to speeding up development of sustainable energy technology.In this study, Cu@Ag core-shells with various surface compositions were synthesized by controlling the temperature of galvanic displacement. In order to reduce the overpotential of the Ag, a simple and cost-effective surface composition tuning method was adopted. The improved catalytic performance of Cu@Ag was investigated in detail using experimental and theoretical methods.