Nanostructured Materials in Extreme Environments: Nanostructured Materials in Mechanical, Corrosive or Irradiation Environments
Sponsored by: TMS Materials Processing and Manufacturing Division, TMS Structural Materials Division, TMS: Nanomechanical Materials Behavior Committee, TMS: Advanced Characterization, Testing, and Simulation Committee, TMS: Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee, TMS: Nuclear Materials Committee
Program Organizers: Haiming Wen, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Nan Li, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Youxing Chen, University of North Carolina Charlotte; Yue Fan, University of Michigan; Niaz Abdolrahim, University of Rochester; Khalid Hattar, University of Tennessee Knoxville; Ruslan Valiev, UFA State Aviation Technical University; Zhaoping Lu, University of Science and Technology Beijing
Wednesday 2:00 PM
March 22, 2023
Room: Aqua 303
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Khalid Hattar, Sandia National Laboratories
2:00 PM Invited
Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured High-entropy Alloys and Quasicrystals: Yu Zou1; 1University of Toronto
In the first part of my presentation, I will talk a few strategies for the fabrication of nanostructured HEAs. Those HEAs pillars exhibit high yield strengths and good ductility up to 1100 °C. I also demonstrate that such nanostructured HEA films show substantially enhanced stability for high-temperature, long-duration conditions. Nanostructured HEAs combining these properties represent a new class of materials in small-dimension devices potentially for high-stress and high-temperature applications.In the second part of my presentation, I will talk about the mechanical behavior of quasicrystals using micro-thermomechanical techniques over the temperature range of 25-500 °C, which has never been explored before. A few interesting phenomena have been observed, including micro-pillar shrinkage, phase transformations, grain refinement, and thermally induced transitions in deformation behavior. This study shows a new opportunity to study complex intermetallic phases in broad size and temperature regimes.
2:25 PM Invited
No Ball Milling Needed: Alternative ODS Steel Manufacturing with Gas Atomization Reaction Synthesis (GARS) and Friction-based Processing: Dalong Zhang1; Jens Darsell1; Glenn Grant1; Iver Anderson2; Xiaolong Ma1; Jia Liu1; Danny Edwards1; Wahyu Setyawan1; Takuya Yamamoto3; Robert Odette3; 1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; 2Ames Laboratory; 3University of California-Santa Barbara
Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are promising structural materials for extreme environment. The high-density (~1023/m3) of stable Y-(Ti)-O nano-oxides provide high sink strength for radiation resistance and high-temperature (> 650 °C) creep strength. Concomitantly, helium management is achieved by trapping high density (~1023/m3) of small (< 3 nm) helium bubbles in the vicinity of nano-oxides. However, conventional route of making ODS steels involves prolonged ball milling, canning, and laborious thermo-mechanical processing (TMP). GARS method has demonstrated the potential of making precursor ODS steel powders without ball milling, but the nano-oxide density was below 1021/m3 in the final consolidated form by conventional TMP. Taking advantage of GARS precursor powders, we use friction-based processing, including friction consolidation and friction extrusion, to manufacture ODS steel with further improved nano-oxide characteristics and mechanical properties. Microstructural investigation showed that Y-containing surface oxides and intermetallic particles were effectively refined and dispersed due to severe deformation.
2:50 PM Invited
Dislocation Cells in Additively Manufactured Metallic Alloys Characterized by Electron Backscatter Diffraction Pattern Sharpness: Fulin Wang1; Jean-Charles Stinville2; Marie Charpagne2; McLean Echlin3; Sean Agnew4; Tresa Pollock3; Marc De Graef5; Daniel Gianola3; 1Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 2University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 3University of California-Santa Barbara; 4University of Virginia; 5Carnegie Mellon University
Additively manufactured metallic alloys often host hierarchical microstructures with crystalline grains that exhibit many morphologies and textures, along with sub-grain crystalline defect structures. These multiscale features act in concert to control mechanical behavior, yet are challenging to characterize using a single technique. Here, we quantify the sharpness of electron back-scattered diffraction patterns obtained from several additively manufactured metallic alloys, which reveals the sub-grain dislocation structure with high fidelity. We demonstrate that pattern sharpness reflects the heterogeneous elastic strain field from dislocations, and exhibits advantageous qualities for single-technique multiscale materials characterization, including an insensitivity to grain orientation, a value that is proportional to dislocation density, and an inherent ability to correlate with crystal orientation and strain obtained using electron back scattered diffraction. Our results demonstrate that the dislocation cell walls produced during fast solidification do not always possess measurable misorientations, and thus do not reflect a geometrically necessary defect organization.
3:15 PM Cancelled
Microstructural Evolution of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Steel Tubes During Cold Pilgering Process.: Freddy Salliot1; Denis Sornin1; Roland Loge2; Thierry Baudin3; Yann De Carlan1; 1Université Paris Saclay, CEA; 2École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 3Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels are promising materials for the next generation of nuclear cladding tubes, and structural parts for fusion reactor. Fe-14Cr ODS alloy obtained by powder metallurgy exhibits good creep behavior and low swelling under irradiation. Given specificities of ODS, the manufacture of thin ferritic tubes in ODS remains delicate and require a complex pilgering process. This presentation aims to show means used for the shaping a ferritic ODS tube as well as the microstructural evolution observed during the fabrication route. At the end of the process, recrystallization is needed to restore microstructure and lower the mechanical anisotropy induced by the shaping route. However, material specificities and process properties restrict needed conditions to set it off.Process modifications are discussed.
3:35 PM Break
3:55 PM Invited
The Role of Surface Treatment on Material Performance in High Temperature Molten Salt: Raluca Scarlat1; Ryan Hayes2; 1University of California, Berkeley; 2University of California Berkeley
Corrosion in molten salts that operate at 400 to 900oC is of importance to development of nuclear reactors that employ molten salts as coolants, fuels, and tritium breeding blankets. One mechanism of corrosion is preferential removal of one of the alloying elements as a consequence of oxidation of the element by oxidants present in the salt. In a non-isothermal flowing salt-loop. This type of corrosion leads to thermal-gradient driven corrosion, where material consumption occurs at in the heating sections and material deposition occurs in the cooling sections, possibly leading to degradation of mechanical properties at one end and flow constriction or flow blockages at the other end. This talk will provide a discuss of the role that surface structure and surface chemistry can play on material performance in molten salt system, looking towards how nano-structured materials could be of relevance to corrosion control in high temperature molten salts.
4:20 PM
Cobalt-60 Gamma-Ray Irradiation Effects in Aerosol Jet Printed Two Dimensional Materials: Twinkle Pandhi1; Gregory P. Horne2; Fahima Ouchen3; Timothy A. Prusnick3; Eniya Karunamurthy4; Laura Davidson3; Emily M. Heckman1; Roberto S. Aga3; 1AFRL; 2Idaho National Laboratory; 3KBRwyle; 4Wright State
Previous studies have reported on gamma irradiation for mechanically exfoliated, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and epitaxial grown 2D materials-based devices. However, radiation effects of printed 2D materials have yet to be reported. This work investigates the roles of microstructure and the substrate properties affected by gamma irradiation in aerosol-jet printed (AJP) 2D materials. Radiation effects from Cobalt-60 gamma-ray are reported for aerosol-jet printed 2D-materials (graphene, MoS2, WS2, and h-BN) on various substrates (Si/SiO2, glass, sapphire, and Kapton). Irradiated samples are characterized through Raman spectroscopy, SEM/EDX, Keyence, XPS, and stylus profilometer. Preliminary electrical characterization on printed h-BN capacitors before and after gamma radiation have also been conducted. The results display negligible changes in their properties suggesting potential suitability for space applications. The information gained from this study is expected to provide new fundamental insights that can guide the development of nuclear and space applications of printed 2D material devices.
4:40 PM
STEM-based Mapping of Point Defects Produced via He-ion Irradiation: Sean Mills1; Alex Lin2; Alexander Pattison2; Peter Ercius2; Andrew Minor1; 1University of California, Berkeley; 2National Center for Electron Microscopy, LBNL
Structural metals used in nuclear reactor environments are exposed to coupled extremes such as irradiation, high temperature, and corrosion which act synergistically to degrade material performance. These processes are directly limited or accelerated by nanoscale point defects such as vacancies, interstitials, voids, and gas-filled bubbles. Elucidating the formation of irradiation point defects, or “black spot” damage, has been limited to bulk measurements or narrow fields of view (FOV) via conventional TEM. Here, we use 4D-STEM with ultrafast 4D Camera to efficiently map 1–5nm He-ion irradiation defects (~1nm resolution) over large (~1µm) FOV. Furthermore, the strain associated with point defects approaches the resolution limit of 4D-STEM, so complimentary high-throughput HR-HAADF-STEM (~30pm resolution, ~10nm FOV) images are collected autonomously, expanding atomic resolution displacement/strain maps to unprecedented (100nm–1µm) FOV. This multimodal approach to spatially resolving the magnitudes, morphologies and distributions of localized strain fundamentally improves how nanoscale irradiation damage is characterized.
5:00 PM
Microstructure Characterization of Ion-irradiated Nano-grained Ni-Mo-Cr Alloy using Diffraction Line Profile Analysis: Thalles Lucas1; Zhiyang Wang2; Tao Wei2; Yi Huang3; Ping Huai4; Ondrej Muransky2; Levente Balogh1; 1Queen's University; 2Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; 3University of Southampton; 4Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP)
Ni-Mo-Cr alloys were developed for molten-salt reactors and are expected to withstand the radiation damage above 10 dpa. It is well-known that that having a nano-grained microstructure could improve the radiation damage tolerance of structural alloys and thus extend operational lifetime of novel reactor systems. The defect evolution of the nano-grained Ni-Mo-Cr alloy was investigated under Au-ion irradiation with a dose of 15 and 30 dpa at room temperature. High-resolution X-ray diffraction patterns were collected at the 33BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and analyzed using the Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile (CMWP) method with the option to interpret the diffuse scattering in the vicinity of Bragg reflections. Results show that both the average sub-grain size and twin boundaries spacing significantly increased, whereas the initial high dislocation density decreased after the irradiation. The interpretation of diffuse scattering indicates that most irradiation defects are small and vacancy in nature.