Next Generation Biomaterials: Next Generation Biomaterials II
Sponsored by: ACerS Bioceramics Division
Program Organizers: Roger Narayan, University of North Carolina; Sanjiv Lalwani, Lynntech, Inc.
Monday 2:00 PM
October 10, 2022
Room: 318
Location: David L. Lawrence Convention Center
Session Chair: Jonathan Massera, Tampere University ; Anthony Wren, Alfred University
2:00 PM Invited
Next Generation Models for Bone Metastasis of Cancer: Kalpana Katti1; Haneesh Jasuja1; Farid Solaymani1; Sharad Jaswandkar1; Jiha Kim1; Anu Gaba1; Dinesh Katti1; 1North Dakota State University
Emerging areas for bone biomaterials include therapies for bone metastasis and robust invitro models of bone metastasis of cancer. WHO reports 3.4M incidences of breast and prostate cancer and 1M deaths due to bone metastasis. We report novel nanoclay-based tissue-engineered scaffolds mimicking the bone-niche. In addition, we report design and fabrication of novel bioreactors simulating physiologically relevant fluid-flow enabled shear stresses. The bone-mimetic scaffolds are seeded with patient-derived breast and prostate cancer cells to create humanoid testbeds of bone-metastasis. The cancer cells influence osteogenesis, affecting prognosis for patients due to extensive skeletal failures. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling governs osteogenesis within the cancer proximity. Adhesion forces between cancer cells and bone are measured using an aspiration-based AFM. This initial attachment is crucial for bone metastasis and tumor progression. Morphological and ultrastructural changes to collagen fibrils are also observed on arrival of cancer. The novel testbed represents next-generation platform for investigation bone metastasis.
2:20 PM Invited
Synthesis of Hierarchical TiO2 Nanowire Architectures for Drug Delivery and Cell Carrier Applications: Song Chen1; Akiyoshi Osaka2; 1Taiyuan University of Technology; 2Okayama University
Two types of TiO2 nanowire architectures were synthesized and their biomedical applications were discussed: TiO2 nanowire fibers of several µm in diameter, and TiO2 nanowire microspheres of several 100 µm in diameter. The fibers and microspheres were derived from in situ alkali hydrothermal treatment of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers and micro-spherical assemblies of TiO2 nanoparticles. Both types of materials were well biocompatible. The fibers showed adsorption and release profiles of drugs and could be utilized as a drug delivery system. The microspheres exhibited good cell attachment and proliferation and could be utilized as a biocompatible cell carrier.
2:40 PM Invited
Luminescent Bioactive Glass Scaffolds: Jonathan Massera1; 1Tampere University
Commercial bioactive glasses (BAGs) e.g., S53P4 or 45S5, are limited to granules and putties, pertaining to their high crystallization tendency. To overcome these problems, borosilicate glasses were developed. High boron content was found efficient in producing glasses with fast conversion into hydroxyapatite and with thermal properties allowing processing of porous scaffolds. Therefore, the processing and in-vitro dissolution of newly developed boron-containing BAG will be discussed along with the impact of ion dissolution on cell activity. However, to make a difference in the clinical field, newly developed biomaterials should have added functionalities. In recent years, we have focused in bringing light into darkness. Our research aims at combining luminescent particles into BAG scaffolds, in order to use low light intensity, to direct cell fate. The impact of light (wavelength, intensity) on cell behaviour, and the potential applications, will therefore be presented.
3:00 PM Invited
Mineralized Biomaterials from Extrinsically-Controlled Freeze-casting: Steven Naleway1; Tony Yin1; Josh Fernquist1; Maddie Schmitz1; Debora Lyn Porter1; Elise Hotz1; 1University of Utah
Freeze casting is a bioinspired technique for the fabrication of tailored, porous ceramic materials with structuring down to the nanoscale. Mimetic of the growth of mammalian bone and other biomaterials where biopolymers template the deposit of biominerals to create complex composites, freeze casting employs a template of growing ice crystals to create a complex porous microstructure in any ceramic. We propose that this bioinspired technique can be controlled through either intrinsic (those that modify from within by altering the constituents) or extrinsic (those that apply external forces or templates) means. Through these classifications, examples of extrinsic (through energized magnetic and ultrasound external fields) freeze cast, bioinspired structures will be discussed with a focus on providing advanced control of the final material structure and properties. Applications as dental and orthopedic biomaterials will be discussed.
3:20 PM Break
3:40 PM Invited
Copper Containing Glass-Based Bone Adhesives for Orthopaedic Applications: Glass Characterization, Antimicrobial Efficacy and Mechanical Suitability: Sahar Mokhtari1; Anthony Wren1; 1Alfred University
Copper (Cu) based glasses have been synthesized for the formation of flexible inorganic-organic polyacrylic acid (PAA) – hybrids, commercially known as glass ionomer cements (GICs). Initial glass characterization includes X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy to yield structural information on the effect of Cu doping within a SiO2-ZnO-CaO-SrO-P2O5 glass. Antibacterial efficacy was conducted over a range of bacteria (E. coli, S. epidermidis, S. aureus) by employing the agar diffusion and broth dilution method. Cu containing GICs significantly reduced bacterial viability compared to the Cu-free control GICs in under each condition tested. Mechanical evaluation was assessed through compressive strength (CS), biaxial flexural strength testing (BFS) and shear bond strength testing with respect to incubation time in a hydrated medium. Additionally, studies into strain recovery of the Cu-GICs post CS testing will be presented as these materials experience excellent physical recovery when placed in a hydrated environment.
4:00 PM
Acetone Sensing with a Chemo-mechanical Actuating Polyaniline-cellulose Acetate Composite: Anthony Annerino1; Perena Gouma1; 1The Ohio State University
Acetone is a well-known biomarker expelled in human breath and ambiently through human skin that is indicative of the condition of critical human bodily functions, mostly related to metabolism. Polyaniline is possibly the most studied conducting polymer, and cellulose acetate is a simple derivative of one of the most abundant biological substances on Earth. We have studied novel ways of combining these two very safe materials for the advancement of human wellbeing, and this has most notably, at the time of writing this abstract, culminated in novel chemo-mechanical actuating polyaniline-cellulose acetate composite films. Previous publications have established the acetone sensitivity of these novel composite films, and the most recent tests with gaseous acetone concentrations below 5 parts per million in breathing grade air have demonstrated this material’s acetone sensitivity is stronger than any previous experiments could suggest.
4:20 PM
A Novel Glass-based Material for Vital Pulp Therapy: Biocompatibility and Physiochemical Properties: Jerry Howard1; John Colombo2; Kirsta Carlson1; 1University of Nevada, Reno; 2University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Inflammation resulting from microbial incursion is destructive to dental pulp, often leaving root canal therapy or extraction as the only options. As an alternative, dentists may attempt to seal the pulp with a biocompatible material, placed under a restoration to encourage healing, a technique called pulp capping (PC). PC success rates vary, as material properties including long setting times, sub-optimal sealing ability, degradation, and poor biocompatibility lead to failure. To increase success of PC, a biocompatible cement composed of two glass compositions – sodium metasilicate and calcium phosphate – was developed. The effects of particle morphology have been examined via flame-spray microsphere fabrication. The material’s setting time, sealing ability, and in-vitro phase maturation were examined. The material performed favorably in each of these aspects. Seeded dental pulp cells adhered to and colonized the surface of spherical particles, indicating biocompatibility. This material shows promise as an easy-to-place, rapidly-curing, biocompatible PC material.