Advanced Biomaterials for Biomedical Implants: Advanced Biomaterials for Biomedical Implants
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Tolou Shokuhfar, University of Illinois at Chicago; Jing Du, Pennsylvania State University
Tuesday 2:30 PM
March 21, 2023
Room: Sapphire 400B
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Du Jing, Pennsylvania State University ; Thomas Vinoy, University of Alabama at Birmingham
2:30 PM Cancelled
Biofunctional Drug-free Anti Inflammatory/Antimicrobial Bone Implants with Enhanced Osseointegration: Tolou Shokuhfar1; 1University of Illinois at Chicago
The lack of osseointegration and implant-related infections are two major complications leading to failure of dental and orthopedic implants. Titanium dioxide nanotubes (NTs) can modulate biological responses, as they may be easily tailored to achieve multiple functions. This work aims to study the ability of bio-functionalized TiO2 NTs to induce osseointegration, and concomitantly, to avoid infection. Results show that bio-functionalized TiNT surfaces are biocompatible and modulated cell morphology. In particular, NTs enriched with Ca, P, and Zn, induced to significantly up-regulated levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and osteopontin (OPN) genes of hMSCs, when compared to conventional NTs. TiO2 nanotubular surfaces induced hMSCs to release a higher amount of VEGF, and significantly reduced the bacterial viability. In conclusion, TiO2 nanotubular-textured surfaces and their enrichment with Ca, P, and Zn, is promising approach for the development of novel bio-selective and multifunctional implant surfaces to improve osseointegration and avoid infection.
3:05 PM
Analysis of Biometal Alloys in a Clinically Relevant In Vivo Arterial Implant Model: Roger Guillory1; Patrick Bowen2; 1Michigan Technological University; 2Deringer-Ney
While it has been widely accepted that supraphysiological concentrations of metal ions in vitro and in vivo for vascular cell types are toxic, almost no work has been done to describe the in-situ tissue presence of implant derived metals within the in-vivo vascular system. We have explored the presence and effect of vascular implant (biodegradable and non-biodegradable) eluted metals in tissue cross sections using high resolution (1µm x 1µm) laser ablation mass spectrometric imaging, and multiplexed immunofluorescent histological staining. Using this combinatorial approach, we able to evaluate the relative distribution of important essential elements such as Mg, Zn, Fe, and non-essential, implant derived elements such as Nb, Y, Nd, Pt, Pd, Ni, and Re. Since the metals are implanted in a clinically relevant atherosclerotic transgenic mouse model, we can decipher how implant derived alloying elements exert a stimulatory effect on disease relevant inflammation and tissue response.
3:25 PM
Characterization of Zn-Li-WC Nanocomposite for Biodegradable Implants: Jingke Liu1; Chase Linsley1; Yingchao Su2; Yuxin Zeng1; Benjemin Wu1; Donghui Zhu2; Xiaochun Li1; 1University of California Los Angeles; 2State University of New York at Stony Brook
Zinc alloy has drawn tremendous interest from researchers in the applications of biodegradable implants and sutures. Recently, Zinc alloy with a low percentage of lithium has been studied as a promising candidate due to its high strengthening effect. However, the creep behavior under body temperature of Zn-Li has become troublesome, especially when such alloy is made into suture wires under severe plastic deformation. The refinement of Zn-Li grains strengthens the alloy, but also undermines the creep performance severely. In this work, the incorporation of ceramic nanoparticles shows great promise to not only strengthen the Zn alloy matrix but also promote the thermal stability of Zn alloy. More specifically, Zn-Li-WC nanocomposite is fabricated and characterized to offer superior mechanical properties, better creep behavior, suitable corrosion properties, and adequate in-vitro biocompatibility.
3:45 PM
ZnO-NPs-Coated Implants with Osteogenic Properties for Enhanced Osseointegration: Kate Mokobia1; Ikhazuagbe Ifijen2; Esther Ikhuoria3; 1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria; 2Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria; 3University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
The failure of orthopedic implants due to prosthesis-associated infections and aseptic loosening emphasizes the pressing need to enhance their antibacterial capacity and osseointegration. The biomedical field has extensively studied zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). ZnO-NP-coated implants have drawn a lot of interest for their increased osseointegration due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, high selectivity, good biological functions, and antibacterial and osteogenic properties. The use of ZnO NPs in covering implants for better osseointegration has undergone significant advances, which were examined in this review. According to studies, ZnO-NPs coating on metal surfaces enhanced osteogenesis and soft tissue integration, which improved implant fixation. Additionally, osteoconductive nanoparticles create a chemical interaction with bone in order to achieve a strong biological attachment for implants. Implants with ZnO NPs applied to their surfaces have a lower risk of infection, which unquestionably leads to better clinical results.
4:05 PM Break
4:25 PM Invited
Characterization of Spicule Structure: Fariborz Tavangarian1; Jennifer Gray2; Trevor Clark2; Chao Gao3; 1Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg; 2Pennsylvania State University; 3Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Nature has been the great source of inspiration for engineers and scientists for centuries. It provides unique ideas to overcome unmet needs of human being. Spicules are structural elements of Euplectella Aspergillum sponges that reside in the deep ocean. They have an exceptional micro-structure that provides excellent mechanical properties. Although spicules are composed of a brittle material, silica (SiO2), they behave differently under load compared to other ceramics. This behavior is due to their concentric cylindrical structure. To produce similar structure with potential engineering and biomedical applications, one needs to investigate its microstructure in depth. In this study, we examined the microstructure of spicules to understand their architecture as a foundation to better design biomedical implants for tissue engineering applications.
5:00 PM
Candida Albicans Biofilm Formation of an Additive-manufactured Titanium Alloy: Mari Koike1; Tetsuro Horie1; Richard Mitchell2; Susan Hummel3; Toru Okabe4; 1Nippon Dental University; 2University of Kentucky College of Dentistry; 3Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital; 4Baylor College of Dentistry
This study was to evaluate the biofilm accumulation of titanium alloys fabricated with additive manufacturing that have possessed desirable characteristics for biomedical applications. Disks (10 mm dia. x 2 mm thick) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were fabricated with the following techniques: electron beam melting (EBM) or laser beam melting (LBM) by additive manufacturing (AM), or lost-wax technique using a centrifugal casting machine. Teflon® was used as controls. After sterilizing specimens, each specimen (n=6/condition) was placed in each well and incubated statically with Candida albicans (CA, ATCC MYA2876). After 48-hour, the viability of CA adhering to each specimen was determined using a bioluminescence assay. Ti-6Al-4V specimens made by AM showed less biofilm accumulation than the as-cast specimens. The surface of Ti specimens by EBM-AM are bumpier but smoother than the as-cast specimens. In this test period, it appears that surface roughness as measured by Sa does not correlate to biofilm accumulation.
5:20 PM
The Stress-corrosion-cracking Resistance of Zinc-based Alloys Designed for Bioresorbable Medical Implants: Morteza Shaker Ardakani1; Henry Summers1; Stephen Kampe1; Jaroslaw Drelich1; 1Michigan Tech
Zinc-based alloys are a new class of bioresorbable metals being investigated for medical implant applications. Despite some success in utilizing variations in composition and thermomechanical processing protocol to achieve acceptable combinations of strength and ductility, some concerns remain regarding the deterioration of these mechanical properties when placed in the human body. This study characterized the stress corrosion cracking of a hot-extruded quaternary Zn-Cu-Mn-Zr alloy in a modified Hanks’ balanced salt solution. Three different microstructural regimes including as-extruded, solution-annealed, and sensitized were selected to examine the effect of intermetallic phase fraction at the grain boundaries on stress corrosion cracking. This study shows that intermetallics at the grain boundaries of the quaternary Zn-Cu-Mn-Zr alloy impede the intergranular fracture. The results of this study also indicate that the extruded Zn-based alloy compared with Mg-based alternatives have a minor sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking.
5:40 PM
Effects of Grain Size and Precipitates on the Mechanical and Biocorrosion Properties of ZX10 Mg Alloy: Sreenivas Raguraman1; John Fite1; Adam Griebel2; Timothy Weihs1; 1Johns Hopkins University; 2Fort Wayne Metals
Magnesium alloys are considered a “smart” biodegradable and outstanding temporary implant material due to their natural degradability, optimal mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. However, enhancing their corrosion resistance and fatigue life is of utmost importance as the rapid deterioration of magnesium alloys leads to loss of mechanical integrity and hydrogen evolution, resulting in constrained use. In this study, we characterize ZX10 alloy, a potential implant material composed of a dilute magnesium alloy containing biocompatible zinc, calcium, and manganese, which can contribute to various metabolic processes. We use a range of characterization tools, including optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and SEM, to evaluate the effects of grain size and precipitates on the mechanical and biocorrosion properties of extruded, ECAE-processed, and heat-treated ZX10 samples.