Advanced Real Time Imaging: Energy and Biomaterials
Sponsored by: TMS Structural Materials Division, TMS: Advanced Characterization, Testing, and Simulation Committee, TMS: Alloy Phases Committee, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Jinichiro Nakano, MatterGreen; David Alman, National Energy Technology Laboratory; Il Sohn, Yonsei University; Hiroyuki Shibata, Tohoku University; Antoine Allanore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Noritaka Saito, Kyushu University; Anna Nakano, US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; Zuotai Zhang, Southern University of Science and Technology; Candan Tamerler, University of Kansas; Bryan Webler, Carnegie Mellon University; Wangzhong Mu, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; David Veysset, Stanford University; Pranjal Nautiyal, University of Pennsylvania
Wednesday 8:30 AM
March 2, 2022
Room: 206A
Location: Anaheim Convention Center
Session Chair: Tanaji Paul, Florida International University
8:30 AM Invited
Real-time Optical Visualization of Battery Reactions and Processes: Nian Liu1; 1Georgia Institute of Technology
Battery is a chemical reactor of multiple phases, interfaces, and reactions. In recent years, imaging has become an important tool to probe fundamental mechanisms in battery and provide design guidelines. In-operando electron and X-ray imaging has been utilized to study battery materials, although vacuum environment and beam damage have raised concern on the fidelity of observation, especially when sensitive materials are involved. Optical imaging is milder, operates in ambient condition, and is easily accessible. In this presentation, I will talk about our development of in-operando cell as well as in-operando optical microscopy/spectroscopy platform to study zinc electrochemistry in both liquid and polymer electrolytes. New findings and their implication on battery performance improvement will be discussed. The platform we have developed is expected to be adaptable for studying other electrochemical as well as chemical systems.
8:50 AM
High Temperature In Situ Imaging and Strain Measurement during Synthesis of Monolithic Zirconium Hydride Components: Thomas Nizolek1; Caitlin Taylor1; Erik Luther1; Aditya Shivprasad1; Tarik Saleh1; 1Los Alamos National Laboratory
Zirconium hydride (ZrH2) is a high-temperature neutron moderator that has been considered for use in several modular/microreactor design concepts. Synthesis of monolithic ZrH2 can be conducted by exposing Zr metal components to pure hydrogen at temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 degrees Celsius, yet the production of crack-free hydride components is challenging due to the large volume changes (10-20%) associated with phase transformations between alpha/beta Zr and either delta- or epsilon-phase zirconium hydride. While thermodynamic and kinetic data can guide time-temperature synthesis pathways, significant uncertainty exists in the kinetics of diffusion and phase transformations. Here we use an in-situ optical imaging system to measure strains associated with high temperature phase transformations, allowing the rate and extent of hydriding to be determined. In situ imaging also provide information regarding crack formation and sample integrity, and has enabled the development of processing routes to produce high stoichiometry, crack-free, ZrH2 components.
9:10 AM
NOW ON-DEMAND ONLY - Evaluating Cellular-level Inhomogeneity through High-frequency Ultrasound -- A Computational Study: Koushik Paul1; Leila Ladani1; 1Arizona State University
Ultrasound analysis is a commonly used instantaneous method to analyze tissue pathology. Immediate detection of positive tumor margins can potentially decrease the local recurrence rate of breast cancer. While transmitting through tissues, ultrasound scattering in high frequencies from the cellular level can be evaluated through various response parameters. In this study, a histology-based computational model was developed to assess various breast tumor grades. The tumor grades were specified through malignant cell density and its nucleus diameter. Ultrasound with a frequency range of 22 to 41 MHz was sent through the cell-based model. The transmitted signals frequency spectrum was analyzed by peak density and Mean Peak to Valley Distance (MPVD) parameters. From the full factorial analysis, it was observed that the malignant cell density was more dominant in changing the ultrasound parameters. Peak density and MPVD responded in an increasing and decreasing manner, respectively with increasing malignant cell properties.
9:30 AM
Phase Evolution in Water at High Pressures from XRD and Raman Spectroscopy: A Combined MD Simulation and Experimental Investigation: Ali Shargh1; Shanti Deemyad2; Niaz Abdolrahim1; Saveez Saffarian2; 1University of Rochester; 2University of Utah
Amorphization of water at low-temperature is an important tool that is used for preserving the integrity of biological molecules in electron microscopy studies. However, low-temperature condition required for this bio-crystallography places significant technical limitations. Interestingly, recent high-pressure Raman studies have demonstrated the evidence of an amorphous phase that is formed at room temperature while later XRD studies disprove it and detect crystalline phase. We use MD simulations in correlation with experiments to explain the reasoning behind such inconsistencies based on coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases. Our results show that phase fraction and interface density of coexistent system play key roles in traceability of each constituent phase in XRD and Raman. We further reveal that the presence of crystalline phase is well reflected in XRD independent of the microstructure of coexistent system while Raman is able to detect the crystalline constituent only if the interface density remains below a threshold.