Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Characterization of Polymers, Composites, Coatings and Ceramics
Sponsored by: TMS Extraction and Processing Division, TMS: Materials Characterization Committee
Program Organizers: Mingming Zhang, Baowu Ouyeel Co. Ltd; Zhiwei Peng, Central South University; Jian Li, CanmetMATERIALS; Bowen Li, Michigan Technological University; Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Rajiv Soman, Eurofins EAG Materials Science LLC; Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University; Yunus Kalay, Middle East Technical University; Juan Escobedo-Diaz, University of New South Wales; John Carpenter, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Andrew Brown, Devcom Arl Army Research Office; Shadia Ikhmayies, The University of Jordan
Wednesday 8:30 AM
March 22, 2023
Room: Aqua 313
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Sergio Monteiro, Instituto Militar de Engenharia; Shadia Ikhmayies, University of Jordan
8:30 AM Introductory Comments
8:35 AM
Characterization of Natural Flax Fabric Impregnated with Shear Thickening Fluid of Silica Particles: Matheus Ribeiro1; Pedro Henrique Da Silveira1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1Military Institute Of Engineering
The evolution of materials used as armor is related to development of firearms. Given the environmental problems with synthetics and the long period of time that flax is adopted in numerous applications, the present work will characterize the flax fabrics impregnated with STF of SiO2 for engineering and ballistics application, with compositions of 50, 60, 70 wt.% of silica. Through FTIR analysis, the functional groups of NLFs was observed. Through XRD, the crystallinity index of the fiber was estimated in 57.0%. The silica pointed to a hexagonal structure. TGA tests indicated that the thermal stability of the fabric was compromised although there was a smaller mass loss for the composites. The viscosity analysis pointed that PEG 400 had its viscosity increased by 11 times with the addition of 50 % of SiO2. The yarn pullout test pointed a considerable increase in friction for fabrics with 50 and 60% of STF.
8:55 AM
High Fidelity Explosive Mock Development for Dynamic Testing of New Generation Explosive Composites: Alexandra Burch1; Hugh Grennan2; David Bahr2; Bryce Tappan1; Caitlin Woznick1; John Yeager1; 1Los Alamos National Laboratory; 2Purdue University
Inert simulant materials (“mocks”) are often used in place of explosives for testing and training in order to improve safety, given the hazards associated with handling explosives. Robust, high fidelity mocks are often lacking for common, well-established explosives, and entirely nonexistent for newer generation explosive materials. One such recently introduced explosive is DAAF, which is the energetic component of the polymer matrix composite PBX 9701. A high fidelity mock for DAAF and PBX 9701 has recently been of interest. Such a mock must reproduce density and mechanical properties of PBX 9701 while being nonhazardous.. In this study, several inert materials were investigated as potential mocks for DAAF.. Qualification tests included nanoindentation, thermal analysis, and manufacturability. The similarity of these various candidates to DAAF will be discussed.
9:15 AM
Mechanical Behavior of Functional Ceramic Nanomultilayers: Danielle White1; Edoardo Rossi2; Marco Sebastiani2; Andrea Hodge1; 1University of Southern California; 2"Roma TRE" University
Ceramic nanomultilayers, which are layered thin films of alternating materials, were selected for their inherent optical performance in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength range. AlN/Al₂O₃, TiO₂/SiO₂, and AlN/SiO₂ layer thicknesses were optimized via calculations for improved optical transmittance. Microstructural and interfacial changes were shown to depend on layer thicknesses and composition. Mechanical behavior of the non-optimized and optically optimized nanomultilayers was tested in compression and tension to understand the functional relationship between optical and mechanical performance. Nanoindentation, micropillar compression, and microtensile testing were used to ascertain hardness, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and yield strength for analysis with respect to the films’ optical configurations. Overall, the optically optimized AlN/Al₂O₃ system, having a crystalline/amorphous interface, demonstrated the best mechanical performance, while the behavior of the optically optimized TiO₂/SiO₂, having an amorphous/amorphous interface, was the lowest. The identified fracture mechanisms highlight interfacial and microstructural features that affect both optical and mechanical behaviors.
9:35 AM
On the Correlation of Dynamic Compressive Failure and Fragmentation with Flaw Distributions in an Advanced Ceramic: Arezoo Zare1; Kshitiz Upadhyay1; Kevin Hu1; Elizabeth Hsieh1; Qi Rong Yang2; Kent Christian2; Jun Du2; Richard Haber2; Matthew Shaeffer1; K.T. Ramesh1; 1Johns Hopkins University; 2Rutgers University
During the last few decades, structural ceramics have received attention as promising contenders in various industrial applications including aerospace and defense. These commercially available ceramics typically have heterogenous microstructures containing a distribution of sizes and spacings of processing-induced microstructural flaws (e.g., secondary inclusions). These microstructural heterogeneities govern the underlying mechanisms of brittle fracture and fragmentation and thus dictate material’s mechanical response. By studying boron carbide (B4C) as a model ceramic, this study strives to establish an understanding of the correlation between flaw distributions and dynamic compressive brittle fracture and fragmentation. A compression Kolsky bar setup with in-situ high-speed microscopy/imaging is used to study uniaxial dynamic failure of various hot-pressed B4C ceramics that contain different flaw sizes and spacings. The findings are correlated with the statistical analysis of materials microstructures using scanning electron microscopy. Fragmentation is also studied via a data-science approach to analyze optical microscopy images of the resulting fragments.
9:55 AM Break
10:10 AM
Performance Study of 3D Printed Continuous Fiber-reinforced Composites: Xiaofang Liu1; Anil Saigal1; Michael Zimmerman1; 1Tufts University
Additive manufacturing (3D Printing) has made tremendous progress in the past two decades and the success of continuous fiber fabrication (CFR) technology has made it conceivable to print continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites. In this paper, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexure strength and flexural modulus of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites were investigated using test specimens based on the standards ASTM D3039/D3039M and ASTM D790, respectively. A proportional increment in tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured with increasing fiber volume fractions for a given fiber orientation. The test results indicate that except for the flexure strength of the highest (0.767) volume fraction fiber composites, the other measured values are much lower and are about half the values listed in the given data sheet.
10:30 AM Concluding Comments