Advanced Real Time Imaging: Joint Session: Mechanical Response of Materials Investigated through Novel In-situ Experiments and Modeling
Sponsored by: TMS Functional Materials Division, TMS Structural Materials Division, TMS: Advanced Characterization, Testing, and Simulation Committee, TMS: Alloy Phases Committee, TMS: Biomaterials Committee
Program Organizers: Jinichiro Nakano, MatterGreen; David Alman, National Energy Technology Laboratory; Il Sohn, Yonsei University; Hiroyuki Shibata, Tohoku University; Antoine Allanore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Noritaka Saito, Kyushu University; Anna Nakano, US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; Zuotai Zhang, Sourthern University of Science and Technology; Candan Tamerler, University of Kansas; Bryan Webler, Carnegie Mellon University; Wangzhong Mu, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; David Veysset, Stanford University; Pranjal Nautiyal , University of Pennsylvania
Monday 2:00 PM
March 20, 2023
Room: Aqua 310B
Location: Hilton
Session Chair: Tanaji Paul, Florida International University; Dhriti Bhattacharyya, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization
2:00 PM
Energy Absorption Properties of Open-Cell Rhombic Dodecahedron Cellular Lattice Structures Under Shock Compression: Cyril Williams1; 1US Army Research Laboratory
The shock response of cellular lattice structures, such as open-cell rhombic dodecahedron is quite complex due to wave propagation and interactions along the lattice structure as the material is compressed at high strain-rates. To develop a fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of these cellular lattice structures under dynamic extreme conditions, we employ both Ti-6Al-4V alloy and 4340 steel with open-cell rhombic dodecahedron. A series of in-situ time-resolved coupled with high-speed videography and ex-situ recovery shock experiments were conducted via light gas guns using the normal plate impact loading configuration. Although the mechanical behaviors of both materials were distinctly different, it was evident from the experimental results that both materials with open-cell rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure act as effective shock wave disruptors. That is, the input shock wave was completely disrupted as it traverses through the open-cell rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure and both materials exhibit significant energy absorption properties.
2:20 PM
Estimation of Interfacial Strain Response for a Bi-material Strip in Tensile and Shear Loading Using THz-TDS: Sushrut Karmarkar1; Vikas Tomar1; 1Purdue University - School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is gaining significant traction in the non-destructive evaluation of material properties as well as detection of internal fractures and defects. Correlation of the optical properties, namely the phase delay of the received terahertz wave to the strain state of a single material has been validated. This was achieved using a strontium titanate (STO) doped passive composite sensor. The aerospace and automotive industry relies on a multitude of adhesive joints and multimaterial structural components where it is of interest to estimate and measure the interfacial strain and stress states, especially in shear loading of such components. This study proposes a method to measure the strain response of bi-material strips using a reflection mode THz-TDS by measuring the change in the time of arrival (TOA) of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) in the THz band. This strain measurement is compared with finite element simulations.
2:40 PM
Study of Fracture Behaviors of Epoxy-Alumina Composite Using Mechanical Testing Coupled with Micro-CT: Yichun Tang1; Yuetong Hao1; Jing Du1; 1Penn State University
Particulate ceramic-polymer composites are widely used in electronic devices, biomedical engineering and other applications. This work presents the results of an experimental study of the fracture behaviors of epoxy-alumina, a typical ceramic-polymer composite. Single-edge notched bend (SENB) specimens with 0, 5, 10, …, 25 vol% filler fractions were fabricated, respectively. Three-point bending test was performed using mechanical tester coupled with micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT). The crack paths were revealed in the micro-CT images and the toughening mechanisms were discussed. 3D-full field strain field was computed through digital volume correlation (DVC). Fracture mechanics theories were applied to analyze the crack length and obtain the crack resistance curves. Results show that matrix-particle interfaces were the weakest link, where cracks often initiated from. Furthermore, saline-coated alumina-epoxy specimens were fabricated, tested, and shown to improve the fracture toughness. This method can potentially be extended to study the fracture behaviors of other particulate composites.
3:00 PM
Three-dimensional Assessment of Strain Localization at the Sub-grain Level of a Ni-based Superalloy at Low and High Temperature Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy: Damien Texier1; Malo Jullien1; Ali Rouwane1; Julien Genée1; Jean-Charles Stinville2; Marc Legros3; Jean-Charles Passieux1; 1CNRS - Institut Clément Ader; 2University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; 3CEMES - UPR CNRS 8011
High resolution-digital image correlation (HR-DIC) techniques are well established to measure strain localization at the sub-grain level in polycrystalline materials. HR-DIC was generally conducted under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to gain in spatial resolution and micrograph repeatability. However, HR-DIC under SEM only informs on the in-plane kinematics field at the surface of the deformed specimens. This technique is particularly appropriate when the out-of-plane motion related to the three-dimensional (3D) strain localization can be evaluated from another source, i.e., slip events in combination with EBSD. Non-crystallographic strain localization, such as grain boundary sliding, requires the development of 3D measurement techniques. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) using near-UV monochromatic source provides less resolved in-plane micrographs but topographic information with a high accuracy (< 20 nm in height). A 3D formulation of the HR-DIC problem was thus implemented to evaluate the full-field strain localization in 3D in a Ni-based superalloy at different temperatures.
3:20 PM Break
3:40 PM Invited
Thermal Stability of fcc-bcc Nanolaminates Containing 3D Interfaces: Justin Cheng1; Zezhou Li2; Shuozhi Xu3; Jon Baldwin4; Mauricio De Leo1; Irene Beyerlein5; Khalid Hattar6; Nathan Mara1; 1University of Minnesota Twin Cities; 2Beijing Institute of Technology; 3University of Oklahoma; 4Los Alamos National Laboratory; 5University of California Santa Barbara; 6Sandia National Laboratories
Bimetallic nanolaminates have been used to study the influence of interface energetics on static annealing-induced microstructure and mechanical property evolution in nanocrystalline alloys. It has been shown that PVD-synthesized Cu/Nb nanolaminates with atomically sharp heterophase interfaces and layer thicknesses above a few tens of nm maintain lamellar microstructures and retain as-deposited nanohardness after annealing. However, this degree of thermomechanical stability is not achieved when nanolaminate layer thickness drops below a few tens of nanometers. We show here using ex situ annealing, in situ TEM annealing, and nanoindentation that introduction of 3D interfaces containing chemical and structural heterogeneities in all spatial dimensions in Cu/Nb nanolaminates allows for retention of lamellar microstructure and associated nanohardness after annealing up to 600°C for 1 hr. This finding demonstrates a new method of engineering thermal stability of thermodynamically metastable structures in nanolamellar composites.
4:00 PM
4D Microstructural Evolution of Bismuth (Bi) Phase during Solidification of Sn-58Bi Solder: Amey Luktuke1; Hamid Torbati-Sarraf1; Sridhar Niverty2; Alan Kastengren3; Viktor Nikitin3; Aniket Tekawade3; Rajkumar Kettimuthu3; Nikhilesh Chawla1; 1Purdue University; 2Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; 3Argonne National Laboratory
With increased interest in Heterogeneous Integration Packaging (HIP), Sn-58Bi (MP:139˚C) is being investigated to replace Sn-Pb and SAC solder alloys due to its significantly lower melting point. The Bi phase plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical behavior and reliability of Sn-58Bi solder joints. Our recent work showed the growth of Bi phase in pyramidal morphology during the solidification process. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms governing the evolution of solidification of the Bi phase in Sn-58Bi solder using 4D microtomography and the Energy Dispersive Diffraction (EDD) technique. The microtomography analysis revealed the mechanisms controlling the growth dynamics, while the EDD investigation provided crystallographic insights into the evolution process. The combination of these techniques presented a unique understanding of Bi crystal growth in the solder melt which will be discussed.
4:20 PM
In-situ TEM Study of Rapidly Solidifed AlCuLi Based Alloys: Rostislav Kralik1; Lucia Bajtošová1; Barbora Křivská1; Miroslav Cieslar1; 1Charles University
AlCuLi based alloys are high strength, low density alloys which have been of high interest for bulk applications to the aircraft and automotive industries when prepared by ingot casting methods. Rapidly solidified AlCuLi alloys present a sparsely studied system, which could find use in other applications, such as MEMS components. The high solidification rate leads to formation of a fine grained to amorphous microstructure and formation of highly non-equilibrium crystalline and quasicrystalline phases. Systems where crystallite size is comparable to size of strengthening and constituent phases can be of interest for potential applications, but also studying of fundamental processes of materials science such as and phase transformations. When studied by in-situ annealing and phase mapping in TEM these processes are observed in real time with very high resolution.
4:40 PM Invited
The Influence of Temperature on Strength: Are Concentrated BCC Alloys Different than Elements and Dilute Alloys?: Daniel Miracle1; Satish Rao2; Oleg Senkov2; Carolina Frey3; Tresa Pollock3; 1Air Force Research Laboratory; 2Air Force Research Laboratory; MRL Materials Resources LLC; 3University of California, Santa Barbara
The influence of temperature on strength in BCC metals and alloys is not simple. Thermally-dependent regions are seen at both low and high temperatures where strength drops quickly with increasing temperature, and an intermediate plateau is usually seen between them where strength is relatively insensitive to temperature. Together, the complex (three or more principal elements) and concentrated (principal elements of at least 5-10 at. % each) nature of refractory complex, concentrated alloys (RCCAs) may introduce new strengthening mechanisms compared to simpler BCC materials. This work addresses the question, “is the temperature dependence of strength similar or different for RCCAs compared to BCC elements and conventional, dilute BCC alloys?” To answer this question, we evaluate strength vs. temperature for 68 RCCAs, six refractory elements, and six conventional (usually dilute) refractory alloys. From this work, general features and trends for the temperature-dependent strength of RCCAs are established and described.